{
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  "articleUrl": "https://vultax.com/research/polymarket-wallets-that-never-sleep-trading-cadence",
  "datasets": [
    {
      "title": "Who never sleeps",
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        {
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        },
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        },
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          "Active in all 24 clock-hours",
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          "1.6%",
          "58.4%",
          "26.9%"
        ],
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          "4,007",
          "3.1%",
          "67.9%",
          "35.3%"
        ],
        [
          "Active on all 12 days",
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          "2.8%",
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          "36.6%"
        ],
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          "All 24 clock-hours and all 12 days",
          "1,341",
          "1.0%",
          "50.9%",
          "25.3%"
        ],
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          "Active in 75%+ of observed hours on 5+ days",
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          "1.1%",
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          "27.0%"
        ],
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          "42.6%",
          "1.1%",
          "2.1%"
        ],
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          "Traded on a single day",
          "65,362",
          "50.1%",
          "2.7%",
          "4.3%"
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      ],
      "measurementContext": "Polymarket, 22 August to 2 September 2026, 130,346 wallets, 9,816,634 trades. Cuts overlap. Shares of trades and notional are of the window totals.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Polymarket trading fees",
          "url": "https://docs.polymarket.com/trading/fees.md",
          "note": "\"Makers are never charged fees. Only takers pay fees.\" Read 2026-09-05"
        },
        {
          "label": "Turbine: How to compete with AI agents in prediction markets (2026)",
          "url": "https://www.turbinefi.com/blog/how-to-compete-with-ai-agents-prediction-markets-2026",
          "note": "Attribution chain for the agent-share statistics; 21 May 2026"
        },
        {
          "label": "Olas: Introducing Polystrat",
          "url": "https://olas.network/blog/introducing-polystrat-an-autonomous-ai-prediction-agent-on-polymarket",
          "note": "A self-described autonomous agent operator, 9 February 2026"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vultax: Where Polymarket Profits Go",
          "url": "https://vultax.com/research/best-polymarket-traders-leaderboards",
          "note": "The same population seen through realised P&L"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vultax: Do Profitable Polymarket Traders Stay Profitable?",
          "url": "https://vultax.com/research/best-polymarket-traders-leaderboards",
          "note": "Activity as the first filter on persistence"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vultax: Polymarket prices tested against 6,776 resolved markets",
          "url": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-market-fair-value-calibration",
          "note": "The distortions an always-on counterparty can harvest"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vultax prediction desk",
          "url": "https://vultax.com/features/prediction-desk",
          "note": "Where the hourly activity buckets behind this study are rendered"
        },
        {
          "label": "Gizmodo — Study finds around a quarter of Polymarket trades are fake (Columbia, Nov 2025)",
          "url": "https://gizmodo.com/study-finds-around-a-quarter-of-polymarket-trades-are-fake-2000683231",
          "note": "About 25% of Polymarket volume over three years flagged as wash trading by counterparty structure, peaking near 60% in December 2024; roughly one wallet in seven flagged; many flagged wallets made no profit."
        },
        {
          "label": "Finance Magnates — Polymarket rolls out U.S. app after CFTC green light, starting with sports",
          "url": "https://www.financemagnates.com/forex/polymarket-rolls-out-us-mobile-app-after-cftc-green-light-starting-with-sports-events/",
          "note": "Polymarket US launched 2 December 2025 on the QCEX designation acquired for $112 million; the invite waitlist was removed in May 2026; iOS only at the time of writing."
        },
        {
          "label": "Coinpaprika — Polymarket expands beyond prediction markets with 20x leverage perps (Sep 2026)",
          "url": "https://coinpaprika.com/news/polymarket-expands-beyond-prediction-markets/",
          "note": "Perpetual futures launched 3 September 2026 with up to 20x leverage; 67 markets within hours; U.S. traders barred. Kalshi's bitcoin perpetuals went live 3 June 2026."
        },
        {
          "label": "CFTC — Enforcement Division issues Prediction Markets Advisory (25 Feb 2026)",
          "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9185-26",
          "note": "Insider trading, fraud and manipulation, wash sales and pre-arranged trading, and disruptive trading named as conduct the Commission polices on any designated contract market; cites a candidate trading his own race and a video editor trading on non-public channel information."
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      "id": "section-who-never-sleeps-table",
      "kind": "published-table",
      "description": "Hourly activity for 130,346 Polymarket wallets over 12 days in August and September 2026: 2,080 wallets were active in every hour of the clock and filled 58.4% of 9.82 million trades. The ten busiest wallets alone filled one trade in five. Half of all wallets traded on a single day.",
      "articleUrl": "https://vultax.com/research/polymarket-wallets-that-never-sleep-trading-cadence",
      "sectionUrl": "https://vultax.com/research/polymarket-wallets-that-never-sleep-trading-cadence#section-who-never-sleeps",
      "publishedAt": "2026-09-09",
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    {
      "title": "Share of trades by hour of day, UTC",
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      ],
      "measurementContext": "22 August to 2 September 2026, normalised per observed hour-bucket. Both groups peak in the US morning.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Polymarket trading fees",
          "url": "https://docs.polymarket.com/trading/fees.md",
          "note": "\"Makers are never charged fees. Only takers pay fees.\" Read 2026-09-05"
        },
        {
          "label": "Turbine: How to compete with AI agents in prediction markets (2026)",
          "url": "https://www.turbinefi.com/blog/how-to-compete-with-ai-agents-prediction-markets-2026",
          "note": "Attribution chain for the agent-share statistics; 21 May 2026"
        },
        {
          "label": "Olas: Introducing Polystrat",
          "url": "https://olas.network/blog/introducing-polystrat-an-autonomous-ai-prediction-agent-on-polymarket",
          "note": "A self-described autonomous agent operator, 9 February 2026"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vultax: Where Polymarket Profits Go",
          "url": "https://vultax.com/research/best-polymarket-traders-leaderboards",
          "note": "The same population seen through realised P&L"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vultax: Do Profitable Polymarket Traders Stay Profitable?",
          "url": "https://vultax.com/research/best-polymarket-traders-leaderboards",
          "note": "Activity as the first filter on persistence"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vultax: Polymarket prices tested against 6,776 resolved markets",
          "url": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-market-fair-value-calibration",
          "note": "The distortions an always-on counterparty can harvest"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vultax prediction desk",
          "url": "https://vultax.com/features/prediction-desk",
          "note": "Where the hourly activity buckets behind this study are rendered"
        },
        {
          "label": "Gizmodo — Study finds around a quarter of Polymarket trades are fake (Columbia, Nov 2025)",
          "url": "https://gizmodo.com/study-finds-around-a-quarter-of-polymarket-trades-are-fake-2000683231",
          "note": "About 25% of Polymarket volume over three years flagged as wash trading by counterparty structure, peaking near 60% in December 2024; roughly one wallet in seven flagged; many flagged wallets made no profit."
        },
        {
          "label": "Finance Magnates — Polymarket rolls out U.S. app after CFTC green light, starting with sports",
          "url": "https://www.financemagnates.com/forex/polymarket-rolls-out-us-mobile-app-after-cftc-green-light-starting-with-sports-events/",
          "note": "Polymarket US launched 2 December 2025 on the QCEX designation acquired for $112 million; the invite waitlist was removed in May 2026; iOS only at the time of writing."
        },
        {
          "label": "Coinpaprika — Polymarket expands beyond prediction markets with 20x leverage perps (Sep 2026)",
          "url": "https://coinpaprika.com/news/polymarket-expands-beyond-prediction-markets/",
          "note": "Perpetual futures launched 3 September 2026 with up to 20x leverage; 67 markets within hours; U.S. traders barred. Kalshi's bitcoin perpetuals went live 3 June 2026."
        },
        {
          "label": "CFTC — Enforcement Division issues Prediction Markets Advisory (25 Feb 2026)",
          "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9185-26",
          "note": "Insider trading, fraud and manipulation, wash sales and pre-arranged trading, and disruptive trading named as conduct the Commission polices on any designated contract market; cites a candidate trading his own race and a video editor trading on non-public channel information."
        }
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      "id": "section-they-keep-the-same-hours-as-everyone-else-chart",
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      "description": "Hourly activity for 130,346 Polymarket wallets over 12 days in August and September 2026: 2,080 wallets were active in every hour of the clock and filled 58.4% of 9.82 million trades. The ten busiest wallets alone filled one trade in five. Half of all wallets traded on a single day.",
      "articleUrl": "https://vultax.com/research/polymarket-wallets-that-never-sleep-trading-cadence",
      "sectionUrl": "https://vultax.com/research/polymarket-wallets-that-never-sleep-trading-cadence#section-they-keep-the-same-hours-as-everyone-else",
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    {
      "title": "Wallets by number of days active",
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      "sources": [
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          "label": "Polymarket trading fees",
          "url": "https://docs.polymarket.com/trading/fees.md",
          "note": "\"Makers are never charged fees. Only takers pay fees.\" Read 2026-09-05"
        },
        {
          "label": "Turbine: How to compete with AI agents in prediction markets (2026)",
          "url": "https://www.turbinefi.com/blog/how-to-compete-with-ai-agents-prediction-markets-2026",
          "note": "Attribution chain for the agent-share statistics; 21 May 2026"
        },
        {
          "label": "Olas: Introducing Polystrat",
          "url": "https://olas.network/blog/introducing-polystrat-an-autonomous-ai-prediction-agent-on-polymarket",
          "note": "A self-described autonomous agent operator, 9 February 2026"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vultax: Where Polymarket Profits Go",
          "url": "https://vultax.com/research/best-polymarket-traders-leaderboards",
          "note": "The same population seen through realised P&L"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vultax: Do Profitable Polymarket Traders Stay Profitable?",
          "url": "https://vultax.com/research/best-polymarket-traders-leaderboards",
          "note": "Activity as the first filter on persistence"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vultax: Polymarket prices tested against 6,776 resolved markets",
          "url": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-market-fair-value-calibration",
          "note": "The distortions an always-on counterparty can harvest"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vultax prediction desk",
          "url": "https://vultax.com/features/prediction-desk",
          "note": "Where the hourly activity buckets behind this study are rendered"
        },
        {
          "label": "Gizmodo — Study finds around a quarter of Polymarket trades are fake (Columbia, Nov 2025)",
          "url": "https://gizmodo.com/study-finds-around-a-quarter-of-polymarket-trades-are-fake-2000683231",
          "note": "About 25% of Polymarket volume over three years flagged as wash trading by counterparty structure, peaking near 60% in December 2024; roughly one wallet in seven flagged; many flagged wallets made no profit."
        },
        {
          "label": "Finance Magnates — Polymarket rolls out U.S. app after CFTC green light, starting with sports",
          "url": "https://www.financemagnates.com/forex/polymarket-rolls-out-us-mobile-app-after-cftc-green-light-starting-with-sports-events/",
          "note": "Polymarket US launched 2 December 2025 on the QCEX designation acquired for $112 million; the invite waitlist was removed in May 2026; iOS only at the time of writing."
        },
        {
          "label": "Coinpaprika — Polymarket expands beyond prediction markets with 20x leverage perps (Sep 2026)",
          "url": "https://coinpaprika.com/news/polymarket-expands-beyond-prediction-markets/",
          "note": "Perpetual futures launched 3 September 2026 with up to 20x leverage; 67 markets within hours; U.S. traders barred. Kalshi's bitcoin perpetuals went live 3 June 2026."
        },
        {
          "label": "CFTC — Enforcement Division issues Prediction Markets Advisory (25 Feb 2026)",
          "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9185-26",
          "note": "Insider trading, fraud and manipulation, wash sales and pre-arranged trading, and disruptive trading named as conduct the Commission polices on any designated contract market; cites a candidate trading his own race and a video editor trading on non-public channel information."
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      "id": "section-most-wallets-are-visitors-chart",
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      "description": "Hourly activity for 130,346 Polymarket wallets over 12 days in August and September 2026: 2,080 wallets were active in every hour of the clock and filled 58.4% of 9.82 million trades. The ten busiest wallets alone filled one trade in five. Half of all wallets traded on a single day.",
      "articleUrl": "https://vultax.com/research/polymarket-wallets-that-never-sleep-trading-cadence",
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}