{ "schemaVersion": "vultax-public-research-data-v1", "articleUrl": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-market-legality/canada", "datasets": [ { "title": "Kalshi, Polymarket US and polymarket.com in Canada", "columns": [ { "name": "Product", "unit": null }, { "name": "What applies in Canada", "unit": null }, { "name": "Source and date", "unit": null } ], "rows": [ [ "Kalshi event contracts", "Trading restricted for the whole country under Kalshi's own agreement; a CIRO-regulated dealer may offer Canadians some economic, environmental and financial contracts from US-regulated exchanges", "Kalshi member agreement, 1 October 2026 version; Staff Notice 91-307, 27 August 2026" ], [ "polymarket.com (international)", "Close-only in Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec in the developer documentation, blocked in the help page; other provinces and the territories not listed", "Polymarket documentation and help page, read 30 October 2026" ], [ "Polymarket US (QCX exchange)", "Described by its own documentation as built for US residents; no Canadian action naming it found", "Polymarket US documentation, read 30 October 2026" ] ], "measurementContext": "Read 30 October 2026. A row says what a regulator or a venue's own document states; \"not listed\" is not permission.", "sources": [ { "label": "Canadian Securities Administrators and CIRO: joint news release on prediction markets (2 Apr 2026)", "url": "https://nssc.novascotia.ca/sites/default/files/docs/2026-04-02%20CSA%20NR%20-%20Prediction%20markets.pdf", "note": "No prediction market recognised as an exchange or registered or exempted as a dealer by the CSA; copy published by the Nova Scotia Securities Commission" }, { "label": "Joint CSA-CIRO Staff Notice 91-307 on event contracts (27 Aug 2026)", "url": "https://www.bcsc.bc.ca/-/media/PWS/New-Resources/Securities-Law/Instruments-and-Policies/Policy-9/91307-Joint-CSACIRO-Notice-August-27-2026.pdf", "note": "Sports and entertainment contracts not regulated as securities or derivatives; CIRO dealers limited to economic, environmental and financial contracts from certain US-regulated exchanges" }, { "label": "BC Securities Commission: news release 2026/064 on Notice 91-307 (27 Aug 2026)", "url": "https://www.bcsc.bc.ca/about/media-room/news-releases/2026/64-prediction-markets-csa-and-ciro-provide-guidance-on-certain-types-of-event-contracts", "note": "Says assessment of other types of event contracts is ongoing" }, { "label": "CSA: Multilateral Instrument 91-102, Prohibition of Binary Options (notice of 28 Sep 2017)", "url": "https://www.osc.ca/sites/default/files/pdfs/irps/csa_20170927_91-102_binary-options.pdf", "note": "In force 12 December 2017 in every province and territory except British Columbia" }, { "label": "BC Securities Commission: BC Notice 2017/02 on binary options (28 Sep 2017)", "url": "https://www.bcsc.bc.ca/Securities_Law/Policies/PolicyBCN/PDF/BCN_2017-02__September_28__2017/", "note": "British Columbia's own position; its description of binary options includes election outcomes" }, { "label": "BC Independent Gambling Control Office: update on prediction markets (28 Aug 2026)", "url": "https://www.igcobc.ca/updates/2026-08-28/igco-update-prediction-markets", "note": "Sports and entertainment event-contract sites accessible from BC operate illegally; PlayNow.com is the only regulated online site" }, { "label": "Capital Markets Tribunal: order in Ontario Securities Commission v. Blockratize Inc. (17 Apr 2025)", "url": "https://www.capitalmarketstribunal.ca/en/proceedings/ontario-securities-commission-v-blockratize-inc/order-ontario-securities-commission-v-blockratize-inc", "note": "Approves the settlement with Polymarket's operators, Blockratize and Adventure One" }, { "label": "Capital Markets Tribunal: settlement agreement, OSC and Blockratize Inc. and Adventure One QSS Inc. (31 Mar 2025)", "url": "https://www.capitalmarketstribunal.ca/sites/default/files/2025-04/set_20250331_osc-blockratize.pdf", "note": "Two-year trading prohibition with an exception for closing Ontario positions; C$200,000 penalty; an undertaking to keep Ontario residents out" }, { "label": "Kalshi: Member Agreement, Section VI, version of 1 Oct 2026 (read 30 Oct 2026)", "url": "https://kalshi-public-docs.s3.amazonaws.com/regulatory/agreement/kalshi_member_agreement.pdf", "note": "Kalshi's public regulatory copy; 55 places where trading event contracts is restricted, a list last changed on 22 June 2026. The venue's own policy, not a finding about local law" }, { "label": "Polymarket documentation: geographic restrictions (read 30 Oct 2026)", "url": "https://docs.polymarket.com/api-reference/geoblock", "note": "Blocked, close-only and website-only close-only lists for polymarket.com; does not cover Polymarket US" }, { "label": "Polymarket Help Center: geographic restrictions (read 30 Oct 2026)", "url": "https://help.polymarket.com/en/articles/13364163-geographic-restrictions", "note": "Updated 29 Oct 2026; headed 40 countries completely restricted but listing 41 codes, and differs from the developer documentation" }, { "label": "Polymarket US documentation: what is Polymarket US (read 30 Oct 2026)", "url": "https://docs.polymarket.us/getting-started/what-is-polymarket-us", "note": "Describes Polymarket US as a CFTC-regulated exchange built for US residents" } ], "measurement": { "kind": null, "temporalCoverage": null, "population": null, "methodology": null }, "id": "venues-table", "kind": "published-table", "description": "Kalshi's agreement restricts its event contracts in all of Canada, Polymarket limits four provinces, and Canada's securities regulators have recognised no prediction market. Province by province, with Ontario's 2025 order.", "articleUrl": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-market-legality/canada", "sectionUrl": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-market-legality/canada#venues", "publishedAt": "2026-10-30", "modifiedAt": "2026-10-30", "version": "2d6fe0a9627a5dfeea0718b7093275a0ea8d56383dd8b04577053856c5f0c2bc", "isLive": false, "limitations": "Published research snapshots and calculations; these exports do not contain current quotes or live account data. Observation windows and populations are stated in the source captions and methodology. Missing metadata is unknown, not zero. Describes Canadian regulatory documents and venue documents as read on 30 October 2026. The Ontario order binds Polymarket's operators, not its users, and a place a venue does not list is not one where it is permitted. Nothing here is legal or financial advice.", "downloads": { "json": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-market-legality/canada/data.json?dataset=venues-table", "csv": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-market-legality/canada/data.csv?dataset=venues-table" } }, { "title": "Province by province", "columns": [ { "name": "Province or territory", "unit": null }, { "name": "polymarket.com", "unit": null }, { "name": "Provincial action Vultax found", "unit": null } ], "rows": [ [ "Alberta", "Close-only", "No action naming a venue found" ], [ "British Columbia", "Close-only", "The Independent Gambling Control Office said on 28 August 2026 that sites offering sports or entertainment event contracts to BC players operate illegally; it named no venue" ], [ "Manitoba", "Not listed", "No action naming a venue found" ], [ "New Brunswick", "Not listed", "No action naming a venue found" ], [ "Newfoundland and Labrador", "Not listed", "No action naming a venue found" ], [ "Nova Scotia", "Not listed", "No action naming a venue found" ], [ "Ontario", "Close-only", "Capital Markets Tribunal order of 17 April 2025 approving the Ontario Securities Commission's settlement with Polymarket's operators" ], [ "Prince Edward Island", "Not listed", "No action naming a venue found" ], [ "Quebec", "Close-only", "No action naming a venue found; the AMF's prediction-markets page could not be read" ], [ "Saskatchewan", "Not listed", "No action naming a venue found" ], [ "Northwest Territories", "Not listed", "No action naming a venue found" ], [ "Nunavut", "Not listed", "No action naming a venue found" ], [ "Yukon", "Not listed", "No action naming a venue found" ] ], "measurementContext": "Kalshi's agreement restricts its event contracts in every row. Venue column from Polymarket's developer documentation, read 30 October 2026; actions as found on 30 October 2026. \"No action naming a venue found\" is not permission.", "sources": [ { "label": "Canadian Securities Administrators and CIRO: joint news release on prediction markets (2 Apr 2026)", "url": "https://nssc.novascotia.ca/sites/default/files/docs/2026-04-02%20CSA%20NR%20-%20Prediction%20markets.pdf", "note": "No prediction market recognised as an exchange or registered or exempted as a dealer by the CSA; copy published by the Nova Scotia Securities Commission" }, { "label": "Joint CSA-CIRO Staff Notice 91-307 on event contracts (27 Aug 2026)", "url": "https://www.bcsc.bc.ca/-/media/PWS/New-Resources/Securities-Law/Instruments-and-Policies/Policy-9/91307-Joint-CSACIRO-Notice-August-27-2026.pdf", "note": "Sports and entertainment contracts not regulated as securities or derivatives; CIRO dealers limited to economic, environmental and financial contracts from certain US-regulated exchanges" }, { "label": "BC Securities Commission: news release 2026/064 on Notice 91-307 (27 Aug 2026)", "url": "https://www.bcsc.bc.ca/about/media-room/news-releases/2026/64-prediction-markets-csa-and-ciro-provide-guidance-on-certain-types-of-event-contracts", "note": "Says assessment of other types of event contracts is ongoing" }, { "label": "CSA: Multilateral Instrument 91-102, Prohibition of Binary Options (notice of 28 Sep 2017)", "url": "https://www.osc.ca/sites/default/files/pdfs/irps/csa_20170927_91-102_binary-options.pdf", "note": "In force 12 December 2017 in every province and territory except British Columbia" }, { "label": "BC Securities Commission: BC Notice 2017/02 on binary options (28 Sep 2017)", "url": "https://www.bcsc.bc.ca/Securities_Law/Policies/PolicyBCN/PDF/BCN_2017-02__September_28__2017/", "note": "British Columbia's own position; its description of binary options includes election outcomes" }, { "label": "BC Independent Gambling Control Office: update on prediction markets (28 Aug 2026)", "url": "https://www.igcobc.ca/updates/2026-08-28/igco-update-prediction-markets", "note": "Sports and entertainment event-contract sites accessible from BC operate illegally; PlayNow.com is the only regulated online site" }, { "label": "Capital Markets Tribunal: order in Ontario Securities Commission v. Blockratize Inc. (17 Apr 2025)", "url": "https://www.capitalmarketstribunal.ca/en/proceedings/ontario-securities-commission-v-blockratize-inc/order-ontario-securities-commission-v-blockratize-inc", "note": "Approves the settlement with Polymarket's operators, Blockratize and Adventure One" }, { "label": "Capital Markets Tribunal: settlement agreement, OSC and Blockratize Inc. and Adventure One QSS Inc. (31 Mar 2025)", "url": "https://www.capitalmarketstribunal.ca/sites/default/files/2025-04/set_20250331_osc-blockratize.pdf", "note": "Two-year trading prohibition with an exception for closing Ontario positions; C$200,000 penalty; an undertaking to keep Ontario residents out" }, { "label": "Kalshi: Member Agreement, Section VI, version of 1 Oct 2026 (read 30 Oct 2026)", "url": "https://kalshi-public-docs.s3.amazonaws.com/regulatory/agreement/kalshi_member_agreement.pdf", "note": "Kalshi's public regulatory copy; 55 places where trading event contracts is restricted, a list last changed on 22 June 2026. The venue's own policy, not a finding about local law" }, { "label": "Polymarket documentation: geographic restrictions (read 30 Oct 2026)", "url": "https://docs.polymarket.com/api-reference/geoblock", "note": "Blocked, close-only and website-only close-only lists for polymarket.com; does not cover Polymarket US" }, { "label": "Polymarket Help Center: geographic restrictions (read 30 Oct 2026)", "url": "https://help.polymarket.com/en/articles/13364163-geographic-restrictions", "note": "Updated 29 Oct 2026; headed 40 countries completely restricted but listing 41 codes, and differs from the developer documentation" }, { "label": "Polymarket US documentation: what is Polymarket US (read 30 Oct 2026)", "url": "https://docs.polymarket.us/getting-started/what-is-polymarket-us", "note": "Describes Polymarket US as a CFTC-regulated exchange built for US residents" } ], "measurement": { "kind": null, "temporalCoverage": null, "population": null, "methodology": null }, "id": "provinces-table", "kind": "published-table", "description": "Kalshi's agreement restricts its event contracts in all of Canada, Polymarket limits four provinces, and Canada's securities regulators have recognised no prediction market. Province by province, with Ontario's 2025 order.", "articleUrl": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-market-legality/canada", "sectionUrl": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-market-legality/canada#provinces", "publishedAt": "2026-10-30", "modifiedAt": "2026-10-30", "version": "36241322fe397ec491d715e17cbe718dd56c269081b75d885c5d55db03403aad", "isLive": false, "limitations": "Published research snapshots and calculations; these exports do not contain current quotes or live account data. Observation windows and populations are stated in the source captions and methodology. Missing metadata is unknown, not zero. Describes Canadian regulatory documents and venue documents as read on 30 October 2026. The Ontario order binds Polymarket's operators, not its users, and a place a venue does not list is not one where it is permitted. Nothing here is legal or financial advice.", "downloads": { "json": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-market-legality/canada/data.json?dataset=provinces-table", "csv": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-market-legality/canada/data.csv?dataset=provinces-table" } } ] }