{ "schemaVersion": "vultax-public-research-data-v1", "articleUrl": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-market-legality/united-states/california", "datasets": [ { "title": "Kalshi, Polymarket US and polymarket.com in California", "columns": [ { "name": "Product", "unit": null }, { "name": "What applies in California", "unit": null }, { "name": "Source and date", "unit": null } ], "rows": [ [ "Kalshi event contracts", "No statewide order; on two tribes' land the Ninth Circuit found the tribes likely to win, and sent the injunction decision back to the district court", "Ninth Circuit opinion, 16 September 2026" ], [ "Polymarket US (QCX exchange)", "No California order or suit naming it found; its app terms require users to meet local age and eligibility rules and name no state", "Polymarket US app terms effective 23 October 2026; Vultax case record checked 30 October 2026" ], [ "polymarket.com (international)", "Close-only for the whole United States in the developer documentation; the help page lists the US as completely restricted", "Polymarket documentation and help page, read 30 October 2026" ] ], "measurementContext": "Read 30 October 2026. A row says what a court or a venue's own document states; it is not a finding that any trade is lawful.", "sources": [ { "label": "U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit: Blue Lake Rancheria v. Kalshi, No. 25-7504, opinion (16 Sep 2026)", "url": "https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2026/09/16/25-7504.pdf", "note": "Tribes likely to succeed under IGRA for sports contracts entered from tribal land; injunction factors sent back to the district court" }, { "label": "U.S. District Court, N.D. Cal.: order of 21 Oct 2026 in Blue Lake Rancheria v. Kalshi, No. 3:25-cv-06162-JSC (ECF 103)", "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.453216/gov.uscourts.cand.453216.103.0.pdf", "note": "Directs the parties to discuss a geofencing stipulation and adds Buena Vista Rancheria as a plaintiff; neither grants nor denies the injunction" }, { "label": "Joint status report of 14 Oct 2026 in Blue Lake Rancheria v. Kalshi (ECF 101)", "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.453216/gov.uscourts.cand.453216.101.0.pdf", "note": "Records the Ninth Circuit mandate of 8 October; the parties' positions on geofencing, not court findings" }, { "label": "California Attorney General: Bonta joins bipartisan coalition defending state gambling laws against Kalshi (12 Jun 2026)", "url": "https://www.oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-joins-bipartisan-coalition-defending-state-gambling-laws", "note": "37 attorneys general backing Ohio in the Sixth Circuit; California's seventh multistate brief on prediction markets" }, { "label": "California Attorney General: Bonta defends state gambling laws against Kalshi (29 Oct 2026)", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-defends-state-gambling-laws-against-kalshi", "note": "37 attorneys general backing Utah in KalshiEX v. Cox in the Tenth Circuit; an amicus brief, not a California enforcement action" }, { "label": "Polymarket US: app terms of service, effective 23 Oct 2026", "url": "https://polymarket.us/tos", "note": "QC Tech's app, separate from the QCX exchange and QC Clearing; section 3 sets age, eligibility and identity checks" }, { "label": "Apple App Store: Polymarket US app listing (read 30 Oct 2026)", "url": "https://apps.apple.com/us/app/polymarket-trade-live-sports/id6648798962", "note": "Says \"in all 50 states*\" with the footnote \"Trading currently unavailable in NV\"; the Google Play listing has no Nevada note" }, { "label": "Polymarket documentation: geographic restrictions (read 30 Oct 2026)", "url": "https://docs.polymarket.com/api-reference/geoblock", "note": "Blocked, close-only and website-only close-only lists for polymarket.com; does not cover Polymarket US" }, { "label": "Polymarket Help Center: geographic restrictions (read 30 Oct 2026)", "url": "https://help.polymarket.com/en/articles/13364163-geographic-restrictions", "note": "Updated 29 Oct 2026; headed 40 countries completely restricted but listing 41 codes, and differs from the developer documentation" }, { "label": "CFTC: interim final rule excluding casino-style gambling, 91 FR 65969 (19 Oct 2026)", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-10-19/html/2026-21376.htm", "note": "RIN 3038-AF81; in effect from 19 October 2026 (release 9309-26); comments close 18 November" }, { "label": "CFTC: proposed rule on event contracts, 91 FR 66022 (Federal Register, 19 Oct 2026)", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-10-19/pdf/2026-21377.pdf", "note": "RIN 3038-AF82; announced 9 October (release 9310-26); a proposal, comments close 18 November 2026" }, { "label": "Supreme Court docket 26-299, Flaherty v. KalshiEX (read 30 Oct 2026)", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/26-299.html", "note": "Response due 9 November 2026; on 29 October Kalshi asked, unopposed, to move it to 7 December" }, { "label": "Supreme Court docket 26-338, Robinhood Derivatives v. Dreitzer (read 30 Oct 2026)", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/26-338.html", "note": "Response due 13 November 2026" }, { "label": "Supreme Court docket 26-344, North American Derivatives Exchange (Crypto.com) v. Nevada (read 30 Oct 2026)", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/26-344.html", "note": "Response due 16 November 2026" }, { "label": "Kalshi's request to extend the time to respond in No. 26-299 (letter of 29 Oct 2026)", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/26/26-299/431233/20261029183513514_2026-10-29%20Flaherty%20v%20KalshiEX%20LLC%20Extension%20Request.pdf", "note": "Asks to move the brief in opposition from 9 November to 7 December 2026; not yet granted when read on 30 October" }, { "label": "Vultax: Prediction market lawsuit tracker", "url": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-market-lawsuit-tracker", "note": "Every case Vultax follows, each checked against the court record" } ], "measurement": { "kind": null, "temporalCoverage": null, "population": null, "methodology": null }, "id": "venues-table", "kind": "published-table", "description": "California has no legal sports betting, yet Kalshi and Polymarket US take Californians' sports contracts. The Ninth Circuit's 16 September 2026 ruling covers tribal land only. What each venue does in California, and what the state has done.", "articleUrl": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-market-legality/united-states/california", "sectionUrl": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-market-legality/united-states/california#venues", "publishedAt": "2026-10-30", "modifiedAt": "2026-10-30", "version": "b802c19308d062f7222e95482ed8e5ec9abe47aabcd9cc3bf4ec8b9827b591f0", "isLive": false, "limitations": "Published research snapshots and calculations; these exports do not contain current quotes or live account data. Observation windows and populations are stated in the source captions and methodology. Missing metadata is unknown, not zero. Describes court decisions, regulatory measures and venue documents as read on 30 October 2026. The Ninth Circuit ruled on a preliminary-injunction appeal about tribal land; it is not a final judgment and does not cover the whole state. Nothing here is legal or financial advice.", "downloads": { "json": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-market-legality/united-states/california/data.json?dataset=venues-table", "csv": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-market-legality/united-states/california/data.csv?dataset=venues-table" } } ] }