{ "schemaVersion": "vultax-public-research-data-v1", "articleUrl": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-markets-europe-regulation-tracker", "datasets": [ { "title": "The record, latest first", "columns": [ { "name": "Date", "unit": null }, { "name": "Authority", "unit": null }, { "name": "Action", "unit": null }, { "name": "Source", "unit": null } ], "rows": [ [ "By 19 Oct 2026", "Gibraltar, Licensing Authority", "Register of authorised operators under regulation 10 lists Predict Street Limited, PMA01, and Wire Alternative Markets Limited, PMA02; the register publishes no dates", "[Gambling Division, register](https://gamblingdivision.gov.gi/prediction-market-authorisations)" ], [ "17 Oct 2026", "Malta, Malta Gaming Authority", "Told Vultax it sees significant interest and that some prediction-market products may fit existing betting licences; declined to discuss individual applications", "[Vultax, 17 Oct 2026](https://vultax.com/market-updates/malta-mga-prediction-markets-significant-interest)" ], [ "15 Oct 2026", "Malta, Malta Gaming Authority", "Extended Hacksaw Group's B2B critical gaming supply licence to Type 3 gaming services for a peer-to-peer prediction-markets platform, per Hacksaw's own announcement", "[Hacksaw Group release, 15 Oct 2026](https://mfn.se/a/hacksaw/hacksaw-group-launches-b2b-prediction-markets-platform-expanding-technology-and-distribution-ecosystem)" ], [ "7 Oct 2026", "Germany, GGL", "Confirmed to Vultax that administrative proceedings are open against Polymarket and Kalshi, both responded, geoblocking is in place, and no internet-provider block was requested", "[Vultax, 7 Oct 2026](https://vultax.com/market-updates/polymarket-kalshi-germany-ggl-proceedings)" ], [ "6 Oct 2026", "United Kingdom, FCA", "Markets executive director Simon Walls said the FCA is engaging with operators on their UK plans; the retail ban on binary options is unchanged", "[The Paypers, reporting the FCA](https://thepaypers.com/crypto-web3-and-cbdc/news/fca-reportedly-confirms-talks-as-prediction-markets-push-back-on-gambling-label)" ], [ "1 Oct 2026", "Spain, DGOJ", "Told Vultax it cannot say whether it has ruled in the sanction case against Polymarket and Kalshi", "[Vultax, 2 Oct 2026](https://vultax.com/market-updates/polymarket-kalshi-spain-sanction-decision)" ], [ "30 Sep 2026", "Lithuania, Gaming Control Authority", "Told Vultax that Polymarket's operator had neither responded nor appealed, and that other prediction-market sites are under evaluation", "[Vultax, 30 Sep 2026](https://vultax.com/market-updates/polymarket-blocked-in-lithuania)" ], [ "30 Sep 2026", "Czechia, Ministry of Finance", "Entered kalshi.com on the List of Unauthorised Internet Games; providers must block it within fifteen days", "[Ministry of Finance list, PDF](https://mf.gov.cz/assets/attachments/Zverejnovane-udaje-ze-Seznamu-nepovolenych-internetovych-her_v210.pdf)" ], [ "10 Sep 2026", "EU, ESMA", "Risk report with a chapter on prediction markets: the largest platforms hold no EU authorisation, insider trading is a risk, and the platforms restrict some EU countries but not others", "[ESMA TRV Risk Monitor No. 2, 2026](https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2026-09/ESMA50-1949966494-4282_TRV_Risk_Monitor_2_2026.pdf)" ], [ "8 Sep 2026", "Lithuania, Gaming Control Authority", "Announced the block of polymarket.com after a Regional Administrative Court ruling of 24 August; entry 2,204 on the list of illegal operators", "[Gaming Control Authority notice](https://lpt.lrv.lt/lt/naujienos/po-lpt-tyrimo-uzblokuota-prieiga-prie-polymarket-svetaines-Jno/)" ], [ "13 Aug 2026", "Gibraltar, Government", "Prediction Market (Fees and Duties) Regulations 2026, LN.2026/316, in operation: 30,000 pounds to apply, 100,000 pounds a year, and a general prediction market duty of 0.15 percent of commission charged", "[Gibraltar Laws, LN.2026/316](https://www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/uploads/legislations/gambling/2026s316/2026s316.pdf)" ], [ "5 Aug 2026", "Italy, TAR Lazio", "Refused Polymarket's urgent application to suspend the block; the site stays inaccessible pending the merits", "[Sky TG24](https://tg24.sky.it/economia/2026/08/05/polymarket-italia-chiuso-ricorso-respinto)" ], [ "16 Jul 2026", "France, ANJ", "The ANJ president ordered internet providers to block polymarket.com; the communiqué of 17 July cites a Paris prosecutor's investigation opened on 4 May into manipulated weather bets and the absence of identity checks; Polymarket said on 23 July it would challenge", "[ANJ communiqué, 17 Jul 2026](https://anj.fr/promotion-dune-offre-de-jeux-dargent-illegale-blocage-du-site-polymarket); [CoinDesk, 23 Jul 2026](https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2026/07/23/polymarket-to-challenge-france-s-nationwide-website-block)" ], [ "13 Jul 2026", "Gibraltar, Government", "Prediction Market Regulations 2026, LN.2026/176, in force: an authorisation regime with a public register, separate from a gambling licence; two operators reported on the register", "[Gibraltar Laws, LN.2026/176](https://www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/uploads/legislations/gambling/2026s176/2026s176.pdf)" ], [ "13 Jul 2026", "Czechia, Ministry of Finance", "Entered polymarket.com on the List of Unauthorised Internet Games; the first providers were blocking it by 16 July", "[Ministry of Finance, blocking page](https://mf.gov.cz/cs/kontrola-a-regulace/hazardni-hry/blokace-nepovolenych-internetovych-her); [Lupa.cz](https://www.lupa.cz/aktuality/cesko-zakazalo-popularni-polymarket-sazkarsky-web-uz-blokuji-prvni-poskytovatele-internetu/)" ], [ "10 Jul 2026", "Italy, ADM", "Decision 427985 ordered 293 more sites blocked by 27 July 2026, polymarket.com among them; the domain is number 3934 on the list read 19 October", "[ADM, decision of 10 Jul 2026](https://www.adm.gov.it/portale/documents/20182/128370228/Nota427985RU_Fri+Jul+10+020000+CEST+2026.pdf); [ADM list of blocked sites](https://www.adm.gov.it/portale/documents/20182/109453590/elenco_siti_inibiti.pdf)" ], [ "3 Jul 2026", "EU, ESMA", "Public statement: an event contract that is a financial instrument is a derivative, falls under the national bans on selling binary options to retail clients, and may be distributed only by an authorised investment firm", "[ESMA public statement, PDF](https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2026-07/ESMA35-243228190-8148_Public_Statement_on_the_application_of_the_national_product_intervention_measures_on_binary_options_to_event_contracts.pdf)" ], [ "23 Jun 2026", "Netherlands, Kansspelautoriteit", "Rejected Polymarket's objection; the order under penalty and the 420,000 euro penalty stand; published 8 July; an appeal lies to the district court", "[Kansspelautoriteit, decision on objection, 23 Jun 2026](https://kansspelautoriteit.nl/sites/default/files/2026-07/2026-06-23_24971_beslissing%20op%20bezwaar%20Adventure%20One%20QSS%20Inc._sanctiebesluit.pdf)" ], [ "17 Jun 2026", "Switzerland, Gespa", "Media release joining the joint statement: prediction markets are gambling under Swiss law, providers from abroad without authorisation act illegally and access to their websites is blocked", "[Gespa, 17 Jun 2026](https://www.gespa.ch/download/pictures/33/vqqy606j9ss18bv1iw621p37i8ept9/26-06-17_medienmitteilung_prognosemaerkte_en.pdf)" ], [ "17 Jun 2026", "Nine regulators: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland", "Joint statement at the opening of the World Cup warning about unlicensed prediction markets and pledging enforcement; the GGL told Vultax on 7 October that no joint measures had followed yet", "[EGR](https://www.egr.global/intel/news/european-regulators-join-forces-and-threaten-action-against-prediction-markets/); [Gaming Tech Law](https://www.gamingtechlaw.com/2026/06/prediction-markets-in-europe/)" ], [ "26 May 2026", "Spain, DGOJ", "Opened sanction proceedings against Polymarket and Kalshi and ordered internet providers to block both sites as a precaution, notified in the official gazette", "[Vultax, 2 Oct 2026](https://vultax.com/market-updates/polymarket-kalshi-spain-sanction-decision)" ], [ "19 May 2026", "Netherlands, Kansspelautoriteit", "Collection decision: the 420,000 euros forfeited after the 17 February deadline are to be collected; published 16 June", "[Kansspelautoriteit, case page](https://kansspelautoriteit.nl/adventure-one-qss-inc-polymarket)" ], [ "9 Apr 2026", "Greece, Hellenic Gaming Commission", "Decision 11131 entered kalshi.com on the blacklist in its 50th edition; predictit.org followed in the 52nd edition by decision 18780 of 12 June 2026", "[Hellenic Gaming Commission, blacklist, 53rd edition](https://hgc.gov.gr/%ce%ba%ce%bf%ce%b9%ce%bd%cf%8c-%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b9-%cf%80%ce%b1%ce%af%ce%ba%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82/blacklist/)" ], [ "1 Apr 2026", "Romania, court", "Refused to suspend the ONJN blacklisting of Polymarket while the case continues", "[SiGMA, 6 Apr 2026](https://sigma.world/news/romanian-court-keeps-polymarket-onjn-blacklist/); reported, court document not read" ], [ "26 Mar 2026", "Gibraltar, Licensing Authority", "Predict Street Ltd licensed as a betting intermediary under the 2005 Act, reported from the licence register as the first prediction-market licence in Europe", "[iGaming Business, 1 Apr 2026](https://igamingbusiness.com/prediction-markets/gibraltar-licenses-first-prediction-market-operator/); reported, licence document not read" ], [ "Feb 2026", "United Kingdom, Gambling Commission", "Said prediction-market businesses could require a betting intermediary licence, since trading positions on event outcomes can resemble a betting exchange", "[The Paypers](https://thepaypers.com/crypto-web3-and-cbdc/news/fca-reportedly-confirms-talks-as-prediction-markets-push-back-on-gambling-label); the Commission's text not read" ], [ "24 Feb 2026", "France, ANJ", "Statement that prediction-market platforms are illegal in France and carry the risks of unlicensed gambling; names Polymarket and Kalshi, both geoblocked at the ANJ's request, and lists ten countries that have blocked Polymarket, Greece and Cyprus among them", "[ANJ, 24 Feb 2026](https://anj.fr/plateformes-de-marches-de-prediction-des-sites-illegaux-en-france-qui-peuvent-presenter-des-risques)" ], [ "By 24 Feb 2026", "Cyprus, National Betting Authority", "polymarket.com and kalshi.com on the blocking list that internet providers must apply under article 69 of the Betting Law of 2019; absent from an archived copy of 17 September 2025, present when read on 19 October 2026; the French ANJ named Cyprus as a blocking country on 24 February 2026", "[National Betting Authority, blocking list](https://nba.gov.cy/wp-content/uploads/BlockingListLatest.txt); [archived copy, 17 Sep 2025](http://web.archive.org/web/20250917175440/https://nba.gov.cy/wp-content/uploads/BlockingListLatest.txt)" ], [ "18 Feb 2026", "Netherlands, Kansspelautoriteit", "Found Polymarket still accessible the day after the 17 February deadline of its order under penalty; 420,000 euros forfeited, with 840,000 the maximum", "[NOS](https://nos.nl/l/2602855); [Gambling Insider NL](https://www.gamblinginsider.com/nl/nieuws/104336/polymarket-krijgt-e420-000-boete-van-de-kansspelautoriteit-in-juni)" ], [ "13 Feb 2026", "Romania, ONJN", "Decision 76 entered kalshi.com on the blacklist, number 4 in annex 1, on inspection report 7675 of 11 February", "[ONJN, decision 76 and annexes](https://onjn.gov.ro/decizia-nr-76-din-13-02-2026/)" ], [ "20 Jan 2026", "Netherlands, Kansspelautoriteit", "Order under penalty on Adventure One QSS Inc., decision 22310/01.370.802: stop giving the opportunity to gamble through polymarket.com within four weeks or forfeit 420,000 euros per week up to 840,000 euros; published 17 February", "[Kansspelautoriteit, decision of 20 Jan 2026](https://kansspelautoriteit.nl/sites/default/files/2026-02/2026-01-20_22310_LOD%20Adventure%20One%20SQQ%20Inc._sanctiebesluit.pdf)" ], [ "By 18 Jan 2026", "Italy, ADM", "kalshi.com on the list of blocked gambling sites in an archived copy dated 18 January 2026; the decision that added it has not been read", "[ADM list, archived copy](http://web.archive.org/web/20260118041158/https://www.adm.gov.it/portale/documents/20182/114059352/elenco_siti_inibiti_giochi.txt)" ], [ "16 Jan 2026", "Portugal, SRIJ", "Ban: Polymarket is not authorised to offer betting in Portugal, and betting on political events is not permitted under national law", "[Decrypt via Yahoo](https://finance.yahoo.com/news/polymarket-banned-portugal-hungary-prediction-175111303.html); the regulator's notice not read" ], [ "16 Jan 2026", "Hungary, SZTFH", "Temporary order requiring internet providers to block polymarket.com and its subdomains", "[Lexology, CMS note](https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=314ca58f-8ef0-4608-9173-8ea5dddc1196)" ], [ "10 Dec 2025", "Ukraine, National Commission for the Regulation of Electronic Communications", "Resolution 695 added polymarket.com to the register of blocked websites", "[Decrypt via Yahoo](https://finance.yahoo.com/news/ukraine-blocks-polymarket-over-war-163335690.html); resolution not read" ], [ "25 Nov 2025", "Switzerland, Gespa", "kalshi.com added to the blocking list; four Swiss-branded Polymarket domains followed on 25 August 2026", "[Gespa blocking list, 25 Aug 2026](https://blocklist.gespa.ch/comlot_blacklist.pdf)" ], [ "21 Nov 2025", "Greece, Hellenic Gaming Commission", "Decision 32917 entered polymarket.com, operator Adventure One QSS, on the blacklist of unlicensed providers in its 47th edition; internet providers must deny access under article 48 of Law 4002/2011", "[Hellenic Gaming Commission, blacklist, 53rd edition](https://hgc.gov.gr/%ce%ba%ce%bf%ce%b9%ce%bd%cf%8c-%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b9-%cf%80%ce%b1%ce%af%ce%ba%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82/blacklist/); [the list as a spreadsheet](https://hgc.gov.gr/wp-content/uploads/blacklist.xlsx)" ], [ "29 Oct 2025", "Romania, ONJN", "Decision 883 of the Supervisory Committee entered polymarket.com on the blacklist, number 19 in annex 1, on inspection report 75.111 of 24 October; providers must block access", "[ONJN, decision 883 and annexes](https://onjn.gov.ro/decizia-nr-883-din-29-10-2025/)" ], [ "5 Sep 2025", "Germany, GGL", "Public warning naming Polymarket: paid bets on social and political events cannot be licensed in Germany", "[GGL warning](https://www.gluecksspiel-behoerde.de/de/news/ggl-warnt-vor-teilnahme-an-illegalen-gesellschaftswetten)" ], [ "14 Apr 2025", "Poland, Ministry of Finance", "kalshi.com and www.kalshi.com entered in the register, entries 49208 and 49209; predictit.org and predictit.com followed on 12 May 2025", "[Register of domains](https://hazard.mf.gov.pl/)" ], [ "30 Jan 2025", "Belgium, Kansspelcommissie", "Added Polymarket to the blacklist after warnings went unanswered and asked the prosecutor to have access blocked", "[CDC Gaming](https://cdcgaming.com/brief/belgium-blocks-polymarket-as-blacklisted-website/); [SBC News](https://sbcnews.co.uk/sportsbook/2025/02/03/polymarket-belgium-ban/)" ], [ "8 Jan 2025", "Poland, Ministry of Finance", "polymarket.com, www.polymarket.com and learn.polymarket.com entered in the register of domains used to offer gambling contrary to the Act, entries 47994 to 47996; providers must block within 48 hours of an entry and payment providers must stop within 30 days", "[Register of domains](https://hazard.mf.gov.pl/); [Ministry of Finance, how the register works](https://www.gov.pl/web/finanse/rejestr-domen-sluzacych-do-oferowania-gier-hazardowych-niezgodnie-z-ustawa)" ], [ "29 Nov 2024", "France, ANJ", "Communiqué: after the ANJ examined polymarket.com and approached Adventure One QSS Inc., the company introduced geoblocking that prevents play from France", "[ANJ, 29 Nov 2024](https://anj.fr/suite-lintervention-de-lanj-le-site-polymarket-ne-propose-plus-ses-services-sur-le-territoire)" ], [ "26 Nov 2024", "Switzerland, Gespa", "Blocking order for polymarket.com under article 86 of the Gambling Act; the domain has been on Gespa's blocking list since that date, which internet providers must apply", "[Gespa blocking list, 25 Aug 2026](https://blocklist.gespa.ch/comlot_blacklist.pdf)" ] ], "measurementContext": "Rows marked reported rest on press coverage until the authority's document is read. Register entries without a published date carry the date by which Vultax saw them.", "sources": [ { "label": "ESMA: public statement on the application of national binary-options measures to event contracts, 3 July 2026", "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2026-07/ESMA35-243228190-8148_Public_Statement_on_the_application_of_the_national_product_intervention_measures_on_binary_options_to_event_contracts.pdf", "note": "ESMA35-243228190-8148" }, { "label": "ESMA: TRV Risk Monitor No. 2, 2026, 10 September 2026", "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2026-09/ESMA50-1949966494-4282_TRV_Risk_Monitor_2_2026.pdf", "note": "In-depth section on prediction markets" }, { "label": "Gibraltar: Prediction Market Regulations 2026, LN.2026/176", "url": "https://www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/uploads/legislations/gambling/2026s176/2026s176.pdf", "note": "In force 13 July 2026" }, { "label": "Lithuania, Gaming Control Authority: access to polymarket.com blocked after an investigation, 8 September 2026", "url": "https://lpt.lrv.lt/lt/naujienos/po-lpt-tyrimo-uzblokuota-prieiga-prie-polymarket-svetaines-Jno/", "note": "Lithuanian" }, { "label": "Czech Ministry of Finance: published data from the List of Unauthorised Internet Games, 30 September 2026", "url": "https://mf.gov.cz/assets/attachments/Zverejnovane-udaje-ze-Seznamu-nepovolenych-internetovych-her_v210.pdf", "note": "Czech, PDF" }, { "label": "GGL: warning on illegal bets on social events, 5 September 2025", "url": "https://www.gluecksspiel-behoerde.de/de/news/ggl-warnt-vor-teilnahme-an-illegalen-gesellschaftswetten", "note": "German; names Polymarket" }, { "label": "Vultax: Germany's GGL confirms proceedings, 7 October 2026", "url": "https://vultax.com/market-updates/polymarket-kalshi-germany-ggl-proceedings", "note": "The authority's written answer" }, { "label": "Vultax: Polymarket is blocked in Spain, but on Orange 98% of tests still load, 2 October 2026", "url": "https://vultax.com/market-updates/polymarket-kalshi-spain-sanction-decision", "note": "The DGOJ's written answer and the Spanish network tests" }, { "label": "Vultax: Lithuania is evaluating other prediction markets, 30 September 2026", "url": "https://vultax.com/market-updates/polymarket-blocked-in-lithuania", "note": "The authority's written answer" }, { "label": "Vultax: Czechia blocks Kalshi, 1 October 2026", "url": "https://vultax.com/market-updates/kalshi-blocked-in-czech-republic", "note": "The ministry's written answer" }, { "label": "Vultax: Malta's MGA sees significant interest, 17 October 2026", "url": "https://vultax.com/market-updates/malta-mga-prediction-markets-significant-interest", "note": "The authority's written answer" }, { "label": "Hacksaw Group: launches B2B prediction markets platform, 15 October 2026", "url": "https://mfn.se/a/hacksaw/hacksaw-group-launches-b2b-prediction-markets-platform-expanding-technology-and-distribution-ecosystem", "note": "Company announcement of the MGA Type 3 extension" }, { "label": "France 24: France orders internet providers to block Polymarket, 17 July 2026", "url": "https://www.france24.com/en/france/20260717-france-orders-internet-service-providers-to-block-access-to-polymarket", "note": "The ANJ order of 16 July" }, { "label": "CoinDesk: Polymarket to challenge France's block, 23 July 2026", "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2026/07/23/polymarket-to-challenge-france-s-nationwide-website-block", "note": "" }, { "label": "L'Espresso: Polymarket blocked in Italy from 27 July, 24 July 2026", "url": "https://lespresso.it/c/innovazione/2026/7/24/polymarket-stop-bloccato-perche/63673", "note": "Italian; ADM decision of 10 July" }, { "label": "Sky TG24: TAR rejects Polymarket's urgent appeal, 5 August 2026", "url": "https://tg24.sky.it/economia/2026/08/05/polymarket-italia-chiuso-ricorso-respinto", "note": "Italian" }, { "label": "NOS: regulator says Polymarket must leave the Netherlands or pay, 2026", "url": "https://nos.nl/l/2602855", "note": "Dutch; the order under penalty" }, { "label": "CasinoNieuws: Ksa rejects Polymarket's objection, 23 June 2026", "url": "https://www.casinonieuws.nl/online/ksa-bezwaar-polymarket/", "note": "Dutch" }, { "label": "EGR: European regulators join forces against prediction markets, June 2026", "url": "https://www.egr.global/intel/news/european-regulators-join-forces-and-threaten-action-against-prediction-markets/", "note": "The joint statement of 17 June" }, { "label": "Gaming Tech Law: nine regulators warn over the World Cup, June 2026", "url": "https://www.gamingtechlaw.com/2026/06/prediction-markets-in-europe/", "note": "Names ADM, ANJ, DGOJ, GGL and Gespa among the signatories" }, { "label": "Decrypt via Yahoo: Polymarket banned in Portugal and Hungary, 20 January 2026", "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/polymarket-banned-portugal-hungary-prediction-175111303.html", "note": "" }, { "label": "Lexology: Hungary temporarily blocks access to Polymarket, CMS, January 2026", "url": "https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=314ca58f-8ef0-4608-9173-8ea5dddc1196", "note": "The SZTFH order of 16 January" }, { "label": "Decrypt via Yahoo: Ukraine blocks Polymarket, 2025 to 2026", "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/ukraine-blocks-polymarket-over-war-163335690.html", "note": "Resolution 695 of 10 December 2025" }, { "label": "CDC Gaming: Belgium blocks Polymarket as a blacklisted website, February 2025", "url": "https://cdcgaming.com/brief/belgium-blocks-polymarket-as-blacklisted-website/", "note": "Blacklisting of 30 January 2025" }, { "label": "iGaming Business via Public Gaming: how Europe is calling time on prediction markets, 23 July 2026", "url": "https://publicgaming.com/news-categories-m/legal/16156-how-europe-is-calling-time-on-prediction-markets-regulatory-free-ride", "note": "The ANJ's count of countries and the November 2024 formal notice" }, { "label": "The Paypers: FCA confirms talks, October 2026", "url": "https://thepaypers.com/crypto-web3-and-cbdc/news/fca-reportedly-confirms-talks-as-prediction-markets-push-back-on-gambling-label", "note": "FCA perimeter position and the Gambling Commission's February statement" }, { "label": "SBC News: Gibraltar feature, 4 June 2026", "url": "https://sbcnews.co.uk/features/2026/06/04/gibraltar/", "note": "Predict Street licence of 8 April 2026" }, { "label": "Polymarket: geographic restrictions", "url": "https://docs.polymarket.com/api-reference/geoblock", "note": "Read 19 October 2026" }, { "label": "OONI: aggregation API, web-connectivity tests of polymarket.com and kalshi.com by country", "url": "https://api.ooni.io/api/v1/aggregation?domain=polymarket.com&since=2026-07-21&until=2026-10-19&test_name=web_connectivity&axis_x=probe_cc", "note": "Read 19 October 2026; the kalshi.com query differs only in the domain" }, { "label": "Poland, Ministry of Finance: register of domains used to offer gambling contrary to the Act", "url": "https://hazard.mf.gov.pl/", "note": "Read 19 October 2026; entries 47994 to 47996 of 8 January 2025 and 49208 to 49209 of 14 April 2025" }, { "label": "Poland, Ministry of Finance: how the register works, article 15f", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/finanse/rejestr-domen-sluzacych-do-oferowania-gier-hazardowych-niezgodnie-z-ustawa", "note": "Blocking within 48 hours, payment services stopped within 30 days" }, { "label": "Gespa: blocking list of the Swiss Gambling Supervisory Authority, 25 August 2026", "url": "https://blocklist.gespa.ch/comlot_blacklist.pdf", "note": "polymarket.com blocked 26 November 2024, kalshi.com 25 November 2025" }, { "label": "Gespa: media release on prediction markets, 17 June 2026", "url": "https://www.gespa.ch/download/pictures/33/vqqy606j9ss18bv1iw621p37i8ept9/26-06-17_medienmitteilung_prognosemaerkte_en.pdf", "note": "English" }, { "label": "ONJN: decision 883 of 29 October 2025 on the blacklist, with annexes", "url": "https://onjn.gov.ro/decizia-nr-883-din-29-10-2025/", "note": "Romanian; polymarket.com is number 19 in annex 1" }, { "label": "ONJN: decision 76 of 13 February 2026 on the blacklist, with annexes", "url": "https://onjn.gov.ro/decizia-nr-76-din-13-02-2026/", "note": "Romanian; kalshi.com is number 4 in annex 1" }, { "label": "Kansspelautoriteit: order under penalty on Adventure One QSS Inc., 20 January 2026", "url": "https://kansspelautoriteit.nl/sites/default/files/2026-02/2026-01-20_22310_LOD%20Adventure%20One%20SQQ%20Inc._sanctiebesluit.pdf", "note": "Dutch, PDF; decision 22310/01.370.802" }, { "label": "Kansspelautoriteit: Adventure One QSS Inc. (Polymarket) case page", "url": "https://kansspelautoriteit.nl/adventure-one-qss-inc-polymarket", "note": "Collection decision of 19 May and decision on objection of 23 June 2026" }, { "label": "ANJ: after the ANJ's intervention, Polymarket no longer offers its services in France, 29 November 2024", "url": "https://anj.fr/suite-lintervention-de-lanj-le-site-polymarket-ne-propose-plus-ses-services-sur-le-territoire", "note": "French" }, { "label": "ANJ: prediction-market platforms are illegal sites in France, 24 February 2026", "url": "https://anj.fr/plateformes-de-marches-de-prediction-des-sites-illegaux-en-france-qui-peuvent-presenter-des-risques", "note": "French; names the countries that have blocked Polymarket" }, { "label": "ANJ: promotion of an illegal gambling offer, blocking of the Polymarket site, 17 July 2026", "url": "https://anj.fr/promotion-dune-offre-de-jeux-dargent-illegale-blocage-du-site-polymarket", "note": "French; the order of 16 July" }, { "label": "Gibraltar: Prediction Market (Fees and Duties) Regulations 2026, LN.2026/316", "url": "https://www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/uploads/legislations/gambling/2026s316/2026s316.pdf", "note": "In operation 13 August 2026" }, { "label": "Gibraltar Gambling Division: prediction market authorisations and register", "url": "https://gamblingdivision.gov.gi/prediction-market-authorisations", "note": "Read 19 October 2026; two operators listed" }, { "label": "Cyprus, National Betting Authority: blocking list", "url": "https://nba.gov.cy/wp-content/uploads/BlockingListLatest.txt", "note": "Read 19 October 2026; the archived copy of 17 September 2025 did not list polymarket.com or kalshi.com" }, { "label": "ADM: decision of 10 July 2026 blocking 293 more sites", "url": "https://www.adm.gov.it/portale/documents/20182/128370228/Nota427985RU_Fri+Jul+10+020000+CEST+2026.pdf", "note": "Italian, PDF; decision 427985, effective 27 July 2026" }, { "label": "ADM: list of blocked gambling sites", "url": "https://www.adm.gov.it/portale/documents/20182/109453590/elenco_siti_inibiti.pdf", "note": "Read 19 October 2026; the archived text copy of 18 January 2026 already lists kalshi.com" }, { "label": "SiGMA: Romanian court keeps Polymarket on the ONJN blacklist, 6 April 2026", "url": "https://sigma.world/news/romanian-court-keeps-polymarket-onjn-blacklist/", "note": "The ruling of 1 April 2026" }, { "label": "iGaming Business: Gibraltar licenses first prediction market operator, 1 April 2026", "url": "https://igamingbusiness.com/prediction-markets/gibraltar-licenses-first-prediction-market-operator/", "note": "Predict Street Ltd, licence of 26 March 2026" }, { "label": "Greece, Hellenic Gaming Commission: list of unlicensed gambling providers (Blacklist), 53rd edition, decision 24363 of 29 July 2026", "url": "https://hgc.gov.gr/wp-content/uploads/blacklist.xlsx", "note": "Read 19 October 2026; polymarket.com added by decision 32917 of 21 November 2025, kalshi.com by decision 11131 of 9 April 2026" } ], "measurement": { "kind": "reference", "temporalCoverage": null, "population": "44 dated actions by 19 European jurisdictions and ESMA, November 2024 to 19 October 2026", "methodology": "An action counts when a public authority, a court or a regulator's written reply to Vultax records it; dates are the document's own, or the press report's where no document has been read." }, "id": "the-record-table", "kind": "published-table", "description": "Every European regulator's action on Polymarket and Kalshi, dated and sourced: 19 jurisdictions, fourteen blocking orders, one penalty, one licensing regime. Nine of the fourteen blocks are not applied by Polymarket itself, and only France, Spain and Switzerland have network tests.", "articleUrl": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-markets-europe-regulation-tracker", "sectionUrl": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-markets-europe-regulation-tracker#the-record", "publishedAt": "2026-10-19", "modifiedAt": "2026-10-19", "version": "aafd44f8d1b567cc8cea1f0439af7a537f51a09cf60c2dceb88d6f5e447278b3", "isLive": false, "limitations": "Published research snapshots and calculations; these exports do not contain current quotes or live account data. Observation windows and populations are stated in the source captions and methodology. Missing metadata is unknown, not zero. A dated record of public documents and press reports, read to 19 October 2026, with the regulators' own written answers to Vultax where they exist. Rows marked reported rest on press coverage. Network measurements are OONI volunteers' tests and show interference, not a legal status. Nothing here is legal advice.", "downloads": { "json": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-markets-europe-regulation-tracker/data.json?dataset=the-record-table", "csv": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-markets-europe-regulation-tracker/data.csv?dataset=the-record-table" } } ] }