What US states have done about prediction markets
32 of the 50 states and the District of Columbia have a state act, a court case or a tribal suit about prediction markets on this record. It keeps 251 entries, each with its date and its source, read to 7 Nov 2026.
Most of it is about sports contracts. Regulators or attorneys general in twelve states have sent exchanges cease-and-desist letters, regulators in eight have told their own licensed sportsbooks to keep away, and states or cities in thirteen have gone to court. Arizona and Utah have charged Kalshi with crimes. The exchanges have sued state officials in nineteen states, and the United States and the CFTC have sued, or joined a suit against, ten.
The newer move is legislation. Kentucky, Illinois and North Carolina have passed taxes on the exchanges, though a federal court has blocked the Illinois tax for registered exchanges. Minnesota made running a prediction market a felony, a law also blocked for registered exchanges. Tennessee and Utah changed their criminal codes, and six governors have barred state staff from trading on inside information. Attorneys general have signed nine joint filings in the courts and at the CFTC; Florida, Georgia, North Dakota and Texas signed none of them.
In nineteen jurisdictions we found no state act at all. That is a gap in the record of action, not a permission: their gambling laws still apply as written.
What comes next
- 12 Nov 2026KentuckyPolymarket US's objections to sending the Commonwealth's case back to state court; Kentucky answers by 10 December.
- 12 Nov 2026Ohio, TennesseeOhio's and Tennessee's answer to Kalshi's petition for rehearing by the full Sixth Circuit.
- 13 Nov 2026NevadaResponse due to Robinhood's Supreme Court petition, No. 26-338.
- 16 Nov 2026NevadaResponse due to Crypto.com's Supreme Court petition, No. 26-344; Nevada asked on 6 November for more time.
- 20 Nov 2026ConnecticutConnecticut's brief due in Kalshi's Second Circuit appeal.
- 20 Nov 2026UtahHearing on the United States' and CFTC's motion to stop Utah's enforcement against CFTC-registered exchanges.
- 25 Nov 2026CaliforniaKalshi's report on how it complies with the tribes' injunction of 4 November.
- 4 Dec 2026UtahKalshiEX's first appearance on the state's criminal charges.
- 5 Dec 2026Every stateThe CFTC's 30 days end: exchanges it registers are to drop state-by-state restrictions that breach its impartial-access rule, or explain why they cannot. An agency deadline, not a court date.
- 7 Dec 2026IowaKalshi's opening brief due in its Eighth Circuit appeal of the Iowa ruling (No. 26-2874).
- 7 Dec 2026New JerseyKalshi's response due to New Jersey's Supreme Court petition, No. 26-299.
- 2 Feb 2027NevadaLast day for Kalshi to petition the Supreme Court in its Nevada case, counted by Vultax under the Court's Rule 13.3.
The record, latest first
Each entry is one dated act: a letter, a suit, a charge, a law, a ruling. A complaint is an allegation, and a preliminary injunction is not a final decision. Choose a state in the table below to see only its entries.
| Date | State and body | What happened | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 Nov 2026 | ArkansasAttorney General | What happenedState suitSued KalshiEX LLC and Kalshi Inc. in Independence County Circuit Court (State of Arkansas ex rel. Griffin v. KalshiEX LLC, No. 32CV-26-717) under the Arkansas Deceptive Trade Practices Act and for unjust enrichment, alleging that Kalshi runs an unlicensed gambling platform in the state open to users aged 18 to 20, and seeking an injunction, restitution, damages, civil penalties of up to $10,000 per violation and unpaid taxes. | SourceComplaint (Attorney General's copy)Published copy of the document |
| 4 Nov 2026 | CaliforniaFederal court (N.D. Cal.) | What happenedCourt rulingGranted the tribes' motion for a preliminary injunction: Kalshi Inc. and KalshiEX LLC may not offer any sports contracts on the tribes' Indian lands; the tribes must give Kalshi maps of those lands by 13 November 2026 and Kalshi must report on compliance within 21 days. | SourceOrder of 4 November 2026Court document |
| 4 Nov 2026 | NevadaU.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit | What happenedCourt rulingDenied KalshiEX LLC rehearing and rehearing en banc in No. 25-7516, no judge having asked for an en banc vote; Kalshi has 90 days to petition the Supreme Court. | SourceVultax lawsuit tracker, 7 Nov 2026Opinion 25-7516Partly read; see the note |
| 3 Nov 2026 | ConnecticutU.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit | What happenedCourt rulingDenied KalshiEX LLC (No. 26-2239) and Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. (No. 26-2297) injunctions pending appeal in their Connecticut cases, considered in tandem with Kalshi's New York appeal. | SourceSecond Circuit order of 3 Nov 2026 in Nos. 26-1835, 26-2239 and 26-2297Court document |
| 3 Nov 2026 | New YorkU.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit | What happenedCourt rulingDenied KalshiEX LLC an injunction pending appeal in its New York case (No. 26-1835), in an order covering it together with Kalshi's and Coinbase's Connecticut appeals. | SourceSecond Circuit order of 3 Nov 2026 in Nos. 26-1835, 26-2239 and 26-2297Court document |
| 30 Oct 2026 | IllinoisU.S. District Court, N.D. Ill. | What happenedCourt rulingThe court entered the preliminary injunction: Illinois defendants may not enforce the Sports Wagering Act (230 ILCS 45, art. 25), 720 ILCS 5/28-1(a), 230 ILCS 10/18(a)(1) or 11 Ill. Admin. Code 1900.1210(a) as related to swaps, sports event contracts included, listed on or available through CFTC-regulated designated contract markets and futures commission merchants, including licensing requirements, associated fees, taxes, related criminal provisions, enforcement actions and subpoenas. Illinois filed notices of appeal to the Seventh Circuit the same day. | SourcePreliminary injunction, 30 October 2026Minute entry adopting the injunction, 30 October 2026Notice of appeal, dated 30 October 2026Court document |
| 28 Oct 2026 | MichiganGaming Control Board | What happenedRegulator orderAnnounced a stipulation, approved by the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Michigan, under which QCX LLC (Polymarket US) stops offering new sports-related event contracts to Michigan customers and closes remaining open positions by the end of 25 November 2026 Eastern time; the state will not take enforcement action while it complies. | SourceBoard news release, 28 October 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 28 Oct 2026 | OhioU.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit | What happenedCourt rulingDirected Ohio and Tennessee to answer KalshiEX LLC's petition for rehearing en banc, filed 9 October 2026, by 12 November 2026. | SourceVultax lawsuit tracker, 7 Nov 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 28 Oct 2026 | UtahAttorney General | What happenedCriminal chargeFiled criminal charges in the Third Judicial District Court, Salt Lake County (State of Utah v. KalshiEX LLC, No. 261912852) against KalshiEX and, as reported, its co-founders Tarek Mansour and Luana Lopes Lara: 14 counts as reported, 13 of them felonies, including a pattern of unlawful activity and 12 counts of online gambling promotion, plus one misdemeanour count of gambling promotion. | SourceKUER, 28 October 2026Vultax lawsuit tracker, 7 Nov 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 27 Oct 2026 | LouisianaU.S. District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana | What happenedExchange suitQCX LLC (Polymarket US) sued the Attorney General and the members of the Gaming Control Board (No. 2:26-cv-02482), asking for Louisiana's gaming, fantasy-sports and sports-wagering laws to be declared pre-empted as applied to it and contrary to the Commerce Clause (it calls the licensing scheme protectionist), and for preliminary and permanent injunctions. | SourceComplaint, filed 27 October 2026Published copy of the document |
| 27 Oct 2026 | MissouriAttorney General (Solicitor General) | What happenedRegulator orderMissouri's Solicitor General told KalshiEX LLC that the state could not agree to withhold enforcement against it, according to Kalshi's complaint filed the same day. | SourceKalshiEX LLC v. Hanaway complaint, paragraph 5Partly read; see the note |
| 27 Oct 2026 | MissouriU.S. District Court, E.D. Missouri | What happenedExchange suitKalshiEX LLC sued the Attorney General, the Missouri Gaming Commission and its executive director, chair and four commissioners (KalshiEX LLC v. Hanaway, E.D. Mo. No. 4:26-cv-01860), asking for Missouri's gambling, sports wagering and consumer-protection laws to be declared pre-empted as applied to its exchange and for a restraining order and injunctions; it alleges that complying with the letter would put it in tension with the CFTC's impartial-access rule. | SourceComplaint, Doc. 1, filed 27 October 2026, as posted by ABC 17 NewsPublished copy of the document |
| 26 Oct 2026 | UtahU.S. District Court, D. Utah | What happenedFederal suitThe United States and the CFTC sued the State of Utah and Attorney General Derek Brown (No. 2:26-cv-01055), saying the Commodity Exchange Act pre-empts Utah's laws as applied to trading on CFTC-registered exchanges and asking for an injunction against investigating or enforcing them; they moved for a temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction. | SourceComplaint, filed 26 October 2026 (CFTC copy)CFTC release 9315-26, 27 October 2026Order setting status and scheduling conference, 30 October 2026Court document |
| 26 Oct 2026 | UtahU.S. District Court, D. Utah | What happenedExchange suitNorth American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. (Crypto.com), suing as OG.com, sued Attorney General Derek Brown and his deputies (No. 2:26-cv-01056), asking for Utah's gambling laws to be declared pre-empted as applied to it and for a permanent injunction against threatened enforcement. | SourceComplaint, Doc. 1Court document |
| 23 Oct 2026 | LouisianaU.S. District Court, Western District of Louisiana | What happenedExchange suitKalshiEX LLC sued Attorney General Liz Murrill, the head of her Gaming Division, Governor Jeff Landry, the Gaming Control Board and its members (No. 1:26-cv-04476), asking for Louisiana's gambling and sports-wagering laws to be declared pre-empted as applied to its event contracts and for a permanent injunction; it says it expects an imminent enforcement action. | SourceComplaint, first pages (Scribd copy)Partly read; see the note |
| 22 Oct 2026 | OhioCasino Control Commission | What happenedWritten answer to VultaxTold Vultax in writing that ten letters went out, one company confirmed compliance, two companies are suing and talks with the others continue. | SourceThe answer, published in the Vultax lawsuit tracker (Ohio's letters)Written answer to Vultax |
| 21 Oct 2026 | CaliforniaFederal court (N.D. Cal.) | What happenedCourt rulingAfter a case management conference, told the parties to discuss a stipulation on geofencing, allowed the tribes to add Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians as a plaintiff and to amend their complaint, and terminated the defendants' motions to dismiss without prejudice. | SourceOrder of 21 October 2026Court document |
| 20 Oct 2026 | OhioCasino Control Commission | What happenedLetter to licenseesTold its sports gaming and fantasy contest licensees and applicants, including suppliers, testing labs and integrity monitors, to stop supporting operators that offer unlicensed sports event contracts to people in Ohio and to confirm compliance by 30 October 2026, warning that continued involvement raises suitability concerns. | SourceCovers report, 22 October 2026Holland & Knight alert, October 2026 (confirmed at the Commission's 21 October meeting)Reported; primary check pending |
| 20 Oct 2026 | UtahAttorney General | What happenedState suitSued Kalshi Inc., KalshiEX LLC, Kalshi Klear Inc., Kalshi Klear LLC, Kalshi Trading LLC, Susquehanna International Group LLP and Susquehanna Government Products LLLP in the Third Judicial District Court, Salt Lake County (Brown v. Kalshi Inc., No. 260908356), alleging that Kalshi's contracts are gambling barred by Utah law and a public nuisance, and asking the court to stop the defendants offering them in Utah and to award restitution, disgorgement, damages and penalties. | SourceCFTC complaint against Utah, paras. 2 and 66 (quoting the state complaint)Vultax lawsuit tracker, 7 Nov 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 16 Oct 2026 | MissouriU.S. District Court, E.D. Missouri | What happenedExchange suitLudlow Exchange, LLC (Novig) sued Attorney General Hanaway and the Missouri Gaming Commission's executive director and chair (Ludlow Exchange v. Hanaway, E.D. Mo. No. 4:26-cv-01780), asking the court to declare Missouri's sports wagering and gambling laws pre-empted by the Commodity Exchange Act as applied to its exchange and to enjoin their enforcement; the complaint says the 17 September letter threatens pre-empted enforcement. | SourceComplaint, Doc. 1, filed 16 October 2026Court document |
| 16 Oct 2026 | MissouriU.S. District Court, W.D. Missouri | What happenedExchange suitNorth American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. (OG.com Prediction Markets, Crypto.com's exchange) sued the Attorney General and the Missouri Gaming Commission's executive director, chair and four commissioners (W.D. Mo. No. 4:26-cv-00969), alleging that Missouri's gambling laws are pre-empted as applied to its CFTC-designated exchange and asking for declaratory and injunctive relief. | SourceComplaint, Doc. 1, filed 16 October 2026Court document |
| 16 Oct 2026 | OhioU.S. District Court, Southern District of Ohio | What happenedExchange suitQCX LLC (Polymarket US) sued Attorney General Andy Wilson, the Commission's interim executive director and its seven commissioners (S.D. Ohio 2:26-cv-01502), asking the court to declare Ohio's sports gaming and gambling laws unconstitutional under the Commerce Clause and pre-empted as applied to it, and for preliminary and permanent injunctions. | SourceComplaint, ECF 1 (Filed 10/16/26)Court document |
| 15 Oct 2026 | MissouriAttorney General | What happenedRegulator orderThe Attorney General's Office granted KalshiEX LLC a two-week extension of its cease-and-desist deadline, from 16 October to 30 October 2026, according to Kalshi's complaint. | SourceKalshiEX LLC v. Hanaway complaint, paragraph 5Partly read; see the note |
| 14 Oct 2026 | KentuckyU.S. District Court, Eastern District of Kentucky | What happenedCourt rulingA magistrate judge recommended that the Commonwealth's suit against QCX LLC (Polymarket US) be sent back to Franklin Circuit Court. | SourceFederal docket, E.D. Ky. 3:26-cv-00047Partly read; see the note |
| 8 Oct 2026 | ConnecticutMohegan Tribe and Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation | What happenedTribal suitTwo tribes asked the court in the United States and CFTC's suit against Connecticut for leave to oppose the CFTC's preliminary-injunction motion, filed the same day Connecticut opposed it. | SourceVultax lawsuit tracker, 7 Nov 2026, docket of D. Conn. No. 3:26-cv-00498Partly read; see the note |
| 2 Oct 2026 | IllinoisU.S. District Court, N.D. Ill. | What happenedCourt rulingJudge Martha M. Pacold granted in part the preliminary-injunction motions of Coinbase, the United States and CFTC with the intervenors, and KalshiEX LLC (Nos. 1:25-cv-15406, 1:26-cv-03659, 1:26-cv-07363): Kalshi's core sports-related contracts are likely swaps and much of Illinois law is likely pre-empted as applied to them; the motions were continued as to the new fee provisions. | SourceMemorandum opinion and order, 2 October 2026Court document |
| 2 Oct 2026 | OhioCasino Control Commission | What happenedCease-and-desistSent cease-and-desist letters to ten exchanges and brokers: Underdog (UDM, LLC and Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc.), Gemini Titan, LLC, Coinbase, Inc., ProphetX, Novig Betting, Inc., Robinhood Derivatives, LLC (reasserting its March 2025 notice), PM US Tech (QC Tech LLC, Polymarket US), Plus500US Financial Services, LLC, Moomoo Financial Inc. and Webull Financial LLC, asking them to stop offering sports event contracts to people in Ohio and to confirm in writing within 14 days. | SourceThe ten letters, published by Your Radio PlacePublished copy of the document |
| 1 Oct 2026 | MarylandU.S. District Court, District of Maryland | What happenedCourt rulingStayed the City of Baltimore's removed suit against KalshiEX LLC by agreement until the Supreme Court has acted on the pending prediction-market petitions, for four months at most. | SourceVultax lawsuit tracker, 7 Nov 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 25 Sep 2026 | OhioU.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit | What happenedCourt rulingHeld that KalshiEX LLC had not shown its sports event contracts are swaps under the CFTC's exclusive jurisdiction and, in the alternative, that federal law does not pre-empt Ohio's gambling laws; affirmed the denial of Kalshi's preliminary injunction against Ohio and vacated Tennessee's grant (Nos. 26-3196 and 26-5235). | SourceOpinion, 26a0272p.06 (argued 30 July 2026)Court document |
| 25 Sep 2026 | TennesseeU.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit | What happenedCourt rulingIn KalshiEX LLC v. Orgel (No. 26-5235, decided with the Ohio appeal No. 26-3196), vacated the Tennessee preliminary injunction and sent the case back, holding that Kalshi had not shown its sports event contracts are swaps and that federal law does not pre-empt Tennessee's gambling laws. | SourceSixth Circuit opinion 26a0272p.06, decided and filed 25 September 2026Court document |
| 24 Sep 2026 | New YorkAttorney General and Governor | What happenedState suitFiled a verified petition in New York County Supreme Court against QCX LLC (Polymarket US), alleging that its contracts on sports, culture, elections and other events are unlicensed gambling, open to people aged 18 to 20; it asks for a permanent injunction, restitution, forfeiture of gains and penalties equal to three times the gains. | SourceThe petition (New York AG copy)AG and Governor release, 24 Sep 2026Authority document |
| 24 Sep 2026 | New YorkU.S. District Court, S.D.N.Y. | What happenedExchange suitQCX LLC (Polymarket US) sued Attorney General James and Gaming Commission officials (No. 1:26-cv-08345), asking the court to declare New York's gambling laws pre-empted as applied to its exchange. | SourceThe complaint, filed 24 Sep 2026Court document |
| 23 Sep 2026 | MichiganU.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan | What happenedRegulator orderCourt-approved stipulation between Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. and the Attorney General and Board members: Coinbase stops offering new sports-related event contracts in Michigan on any designated contract market, Kalshi's included, and closes Michigan residents' open positions by 12:00 a.m. Eastern on 10 October 2026; the state forbears from enforcement while it complies. | SourceStipulation and Order Concerning Enforcement, ECF 65Board news release, 7 October 2026Court document |
| 18 Sep 2026 | MissouriAttorney General | What happenedStatementAnnounced cease-and-desist letters to six prediction-market operators, Polymarket, Kalshi, Crypto.com, Novig, Underdog and Robinhood, saying that offering sports event contracts to Missourians is unlicensed sports wagering, that federal law does not pre-empt Missouri law and that the contracts are not swaps; the release says five of the six (all but Novig) let people under 21 trade or lack safeguards, and that failure to comply will lead to enforcement action. | SourceAttorney General release: Hanaway orders unlicensed prediction markets to cease and desist unlawful...North American Derivatives Exchange v. Hanaway complaintCourt document |
| 17 Sep 2026 | MissouriAttorney General | What happenedCease-and-desistSent Ludlow Exchange, LLC (Novig) a cease-and-desist letter dated 17 September 2026 demanding that by 17 October 2026 it stop offering sports event contracts in Missouri or obtain a Missouri Gaming Commission licence and pay state taxes and fees, and saying the state would otherwise pursue enforcement. | SourceLudlow Exchange, LLC v. Hanaway complaintPartly read; see the note |
| 17 Sep 2026 | MontanaAttorney General and Gambling Control Division | What happenedRegulator orderSigned a joint stipulation dismissing KalshiEX LLC v. Knudsen (with prejudice as to the five Lottery and Sports Wagering Commission members, without prejudice as to the Attorney General, the Division and its Administrator), agreeing not to begin or refer any enforcement action against Kalshi over event contracts traded on a designated contract market until the Ninth Circuit denies Kalshi's rehearing request in its Nevada case (No. 25-7516) or rules en banc, and then to give 30 days' written notice. | SourceJoint stipulation of dismissal, D. Mont. 6:26-cv-00028, Doc. 35, filed 17 September 2026DeFi Rate, 18 September 2026Published copy of the document |
| 16 Sep 2026 | CaliforniaU.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit | What happenedCourt rulingReversed the denial of the tribes' preliminary injunction (Blue Lake Rancheria v. Kalshi, No. 25-7504), holding that they are likely to show that Kalshi's sports event contracts entered from tribal land are class III gaming offered in violation of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act and their gaming ordinances, and that the CFTC's exclusive jurisdiction does not reach them; affirmed the rejection of the Lanham Act claim and sent the case back for the remaining injunction factors. | SourceOpinion 25-7504Court document |
| 16 Sep 2026 | MissouriAttorney General | What happenedCease-and-desistAttorney General Catherine L. Hanaway sent cease-and-desist letters dated 16 September 2026 to KalshiEX LLC and to Crypto.com's exchange, North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. (OG.com Prediction Markets), saying each operates an unlicensed online sports wagering platform in Missouri and giving each 30 days either to stop offering sports wagering to people in Missouri or to obtain a Missouri Gaming Commission licence, pay state taxes and fees and stop serving people under 21. | SourceKalshiEX LLC v. Hanaway complaintNorth American Derivatives Exchange v. Hanaway complaintThe Block, 18 October 2026 (Crypto.com says its letter was addressed to Foris DAX, Inc.)Partly read; see the note |
| 15 Sep 2026 | TexasSenate Committee on State Affairs | What happenedHearingThe Senate State Affairs Committee, chaired by Senator Bryan Hughes, held an interim hearing at which Kalshi, the American Gaming Association, the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas and others testified on prediction markets under the "Closing Gambling Loopholes" charge. | SourceSenate State Affairs page listing the hearing video of 15 September 2026Hearing video page, 15 September 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 11 Sep 2026 | NevadaU.S. Supreme Court | What happenedExchange suitNorth American Derivatives Exchange (Crypto.com) petitioned the Supreme Court (No. 26-344) to review the Ninth Circuit ruling; Nevada's response was extended to 16 November 2026, and Nevada asked on 6 November for more time. | SourceSupreme Court docket 26-344Court document |
| 11 Sep 2026 | WisconsinU.S. District Court, W.D. Wis. | What happenedCourt rulingIn Ho-Chunk Nation v. Kalshi, the court certified its 11 May 2026 opinion for interlocutory appeal under 28 U.S.C. 1292(b), denied the Nation leave to amend, and stayed the case pending the Seventh Circuit, provided the defendants seek leave to appeal promptly. | Sourcegovinfo docket text of the order of 11 September 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 10 Sep 2026 | ConnecticutDepartment of Consumer Protection | What happenedCease-and-desistIssued cease-and-desist orders to nine prediction markets, named as Polymarket, Coinbase, Crypto.com, Robinhood, ProphetX, Novig, Webull, Gemini and Underdog Predict, ordering them to stop advertising, offering or making available sports event contracts or any other unlicensed online gambling to Connecticut residents and to let residents withdraw their funds. | SourceGovernor's release, 10 Sep 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 10 Sep 2026 | ConnecticutDepartment of Consumer Protection | What happenedRegulator orderIssued nearly 30 subpoenas in its investigation of prediction markets: to nine gaming service provider licensees (among them PayPal, Plaid, Sportradar and Genius Sports entities), 15 media organisations and five app stores and payment services; the Department said the recipients are not under investigation. | SourceGovernor's release, 10 Sep 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 10 Sep 2026 | MichiganAttorney General | What happenedCease-and-desistNotified QCX LLC (Polymarket US) that it would take legal action if the company did not stop offering sports-related event contracts to Michigan residents. | SourceBoard news release, 28 October 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 10 Sep 2026 | NevadaU.S. Supreme Court | What happenedExchange suitRobinhood Derivatives LLC petitioned the Supreme Court (No. 26-338, Robinhood Derivatives v. Dreitzer) to review the Ninth Circuit ruling; Nevada's response was extended to 13 November 2026. | SourceSupreme Court docket 26-338Court document |
| 8 Sep 2026 | IowaU.S. District Court, S.D. Iowa | What happenedCourt rulingJudge Stephen H. Locher denied KalshiEX LLC a preliminary injunction, holding that it had not shown it is likely to succeed on its argument that the Commodity Exchange Act pre-empts Iowa's gambling laws; Kalshi appealed on 15 September (8th Cir. No. 26-2874), and on 3 November both sides asked the court to pause the case until the appeal is decided. | SourceOrder denying the preliminary injunction, 8 Sep 2026Joint motion to stay pending appeal, 3 Nov 2026Court document |
| 8 Sep 2026 | UtahU.S. Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit | What happenedCourt rulingRefused KalshiEX LLC an injunction pending its appeal of the 4 August judgment (No. 26-4100); the appeal itself is pending. | SourceDistrict court order of 14 Oct 2026, recording the Tenth Circuit's denial of 8 SepPartly read; see the note |
| 4 Sep 2026 | MichiganU.S. District Court, Western District of Michigan | What happenedRegulator orderCourt-approved stipulation between Robinhood Derivatives, LLC and the Attorney General and Board: Robinhood stops offering new sports-related event contracts in Michigan on any designated contract market by the end of 9 September 2026 and closes open positions by 9 October; the state forbears from enforcement while it complies, until the Sixth Circuit appeals are finally resolved or the Kalshi state-court injunction is dissolved. | SourceStipulation and Order Concerning Enforcement, ECF 50Board news release, 9 September 2026Court document |
| 2 Sep 2026 | IllinoisIllinois General Assembly | What happenedBillHB 5811 (Rep. Travis Weaver), "Sports Wagering-Exchange Tax", filed: it would repeal the transaction tax on exchange wagers and remove the "exchange wager" definition from the Sports Wagering Act. Co-sponsors added through 2 October 2026; no committee assignment or vote shown. | SourceFastDemocracy bill page for HB 5811Reported; primary check pending |
| 2 Sep 2026 | New JerseyAttorney General and Division of Gaming Enforcement | What happenedRegulator orderFiled a petition asking the Supreme Court to review the Third Circuit ruling (Flaherty v. KalshiEX, No. 26-299), on whether prediction markets can offer sports wagers without following state law; the Attorney General called it the first such petition. | SourceNew Jersey Attorney General release, 2 September 2026Supreme Court docket 26-299Court document |
| 1 Sep 2026 | MichiganIngham County Circuit Court | What happenedCourt rulingJudge Rosemarie E. Aquilina granted a preliminary injunction barring KalshiEX LLC from offering, listing, executing or settling internet sports betting contracts to anyone located in Michigan, from taking deposits or advertising for them, and requiring a Board-licensed geolocation provider, with a fine of $500,000 for each day of non-compliance with the geolocation terms; it lasts until a final order. | SourceOrder granting preliminary injunction (No. 26-1087-CZ), as posted by the Attorney GeneralAttorney General release, 2 September 2026Authority document |
| 28 Aug 2026 | ArizonaAttorney General | What happenedStatementWelcomed the Ninth Circuit's ruling in KalshiEX v. Assad that the Commodity Exchange Act does not pre-empt Nevada's regulation of sports event contracts, saying her office is reviewing its implications for Arizona's own litigation with Kalshi and will keep enforcing Arizona's gaming laws. | SourceArizona AG release, 28 August 2026Authority document |
| 28 Aug 2026 | NevadaU.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit | What happenedCourt rulingRuled 3-0 for Nevada in the appeals of KalshiEX LLC (published opinion, No. 25-7516), North American Derivatives Exchange (Crypto.com) (No. 25-7187) and Robinhood Derivatives (No. 25-7831): affirmed the dissolution of Kalshi's injunction and the denials for Crypto.com and Robinhood as to sports event contracts, holding that federal law likely does not pre-empt Nevada gaming law for them, and sent Kalshi's election contracts back to the district court. | SourceOpinion 25-7516Memoranda 25-7187 and 25-7831, in the petition appendicesBoard release, 28 August 2026Court document |
| 28 Aug 2026 | NevadaGovernor | What happenedStatementGovernor Joe Lombardo said, in the Board's release on the Ninth Circuit ruling, that prediction markets offering sports-event contracts constitute gambling and must comply with Nevada's gaming laws. | SourceBoard release, 28 August 2026Authority document |
| 27 Aug 2026 | MontanaU.S. District Court, D. Mont. | What happenedCourt rulingDenied the parties' third stipulated stay, lifted the stay and ordered the State to answer or respond to KalshiEX LLC's complaint within 21 days with no extensions; denied Kalshi's motion for a preliminary injunction without prejudice, saying its repeated agreement to stay the case for months undermined any showing of likely irreparable harm. | SourceOrder, Doc. 33Authority document |
| 26 Aug 2026 | ConnecticutAttorney General and Department of Consumer Protection | What happenedState suitConnecticut filed a verified complaint against KalshiEX LLC in Hartford Superior Court, alleging that it has offered illegal sports wagers to Connecticut residents since January 2025, including to people under 21, and asking for an injunction under the gaming statute and relief under the Unfair Trade Practices Act (four counts). | SourceThe complaint, filed as Exhibit A to Kalshi's notice of removal, D. Conn. No. 3:26-cv-01382Attorney General release, 26 Aug 2026Court document |
| 15 Aug 2026 | ConnecticutU.S. District Court, D. Conn. | What happenedCourt rulingJudge Oliver denied KalshiEX LLC an injunction pending appeal and its alternative request for short-term administrative relief. | SourceD. Conn. memorandum and order of 15 Aug 2026Authority document |
| 13 Aug 2026 | MarylandCity of Baltimore | What happenedState suitThe Mayor and City Council of Baltimore sued KalshiEX LLC and affiliated companies in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City under the city's Consumer Protection Ordinance, alleging unlicensed sports betting and misleading statements about the products' legality, and seeking civil penalties, an injunction, restitution and disgorgement; Coinbase, Robinhood and Webull are reported as co-defendants. | SourceCity of Baltimore press release, 13 August 2026Complaint (linked from the release)Authority document |
| 13 Aug 2026 | MarylandCity of Baltimore | What happenedState suitThe Mayor and City Council of Baltimore sued QCX LLC (Polymarket US), Blockratize Inc. and QC Tech LLC in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City under the Consumer Protection Ordinance, alleging unlicensed sports betting and misleading statements about legality, and seeking civil penalties, an injunction, restitution and disgorgement. | SourceCity of Baltimore press release, 13 August 2026Complaint (linked from the release)Authority document |
| 12 Aug 2026 | WashingtonKing County Superior Court | What happenedCourt rulingEntered an amended and updated preliminary injunction: KalshiEX LLC must stop marketing, offering or accepting contracts in Washington on sports, elections, politics, entertainment, culture, tech and science, and mentions (commodities, climate, economics and finance are not covered), geofence Washington by 19 August and 2 September 2026 or face $120,000 a day or a diligence hearing, preserve records, and hold fees from Washington users. | SourceAmended and updated order, filed 12 August 2026Washington AG release, 13 August 2026Authority document |
| 10 Aug 2026 | ConnecticutU.S. District Court, D. Conn. | What happenedCourt rulingJudge Oliver denied Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. a preliminary injunction for the reasons given in the Kalshi ruling; preliminary relief only. | SourceD. Conn. memorandum and order of 10 Aug 2026 in Coinbase v. TongAuthority document |
| 7 Aug 2026 | ConnecticutU.S. District Court, D. Conn. | What happenedCourt rulingJudge Vernon D. Oliver denied KalshiEX LLC a preliminary injunction, holding that Kalshi had not shown that its sports event contracts are swaps under the Commodity Exchange Act or that federal law pre-empts Connecticut's regulation of sports wagering; preliminary relief only. | SourceD. Conn. memorandum and order denying Kalshi a preliminary injunction, KalshiEX LLC v. Cafferelli, No....Authority document |
| 6 Aug 2026 | MichiganU.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan | What happenedCourt rulingJudge Shalina D. Kumar denied Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. a preliminary injunction, finding it had not shown that federal commodities law pre-empts Michigan's gambling laws; an amended order followed on 7 August, and Coinbase appealed (6th Cir. 26-1693). | SourceOrder denying preliminary injunction, ECF 57Amended order, ECF 58Court document |
| 4 Aug 2026 | UtahU.S. District Court, D. Utah | What happenedCourt rulingGranted summary judgment for the Utah officials in KalshiEX LLC v. Cox: the Commodity Exchange Act does not pre-empt Utah's enforcement of its anti-gambling laws against Kalshi; Kalshi's preliminary injunction motion was denied as moot and the case closed. | SourceMemorandum decision and order, Doc. 65Court document |
| Aug 2026 | WisconsinU.S. District Court, W.D. Wis. (reported) | What happenedExchange suitLudlow Exchange LLC, which operates Novig, sued Attorney General Josh Kaul and Division of Gaming Administrator John Dillett, as reported, asking for a declaration that federal commodities law pre-empts Wisconsin's gambling laws as applied to its sports contracts and for preliminary and permanent injunctions. | SourceGrafa, 17 August 2026Reported; primary check pending |
| 31 Jul 2026 | New YorkAttorney General and Governor | What happenedState suitFiled a verified petition in New York County Supreme Court against KalshiEX LLC, alleging that its prediction market is an unlicensed gambling business open to people under 21; it asks for a permanent injunction, restitution, forfeiture of gains and penalties of up to three times the gains. | SourceThe petition (New York AG copy)Governor and AG release, 31 Jul 2026Authority document |
| 28 Jul 2026 | WisconsinU.S. District Court, E.D. Wis. | What happenedCourt rulingJudge William C. Griesbach denied the United States and CFTC a preliminary injunction against Wisconsin's enforcement of its gambling statutes, finding the CFTC unlikely to show that sports-related event contracts are swaps or that the statutes are pre-empted; he also denied Wisconsin's motions to dismiss and change venue and the motions of North American Derivatives Exchange (Crypto.com), KalshiEX LLC and the American Gaming Association to intervene. | SourceDecision and order, signed 28 July 2026, filed 29 JulyCourt document |
| 27 Jul 2026 | MinnesotaU.S. District Court, D. Minn. | What happenedCourt rulingJudge Katherine M. Menendez granted the preliminary-injunction motions of the United States and CFTC, KalshiEX LLC and QCX LLC (Polymarket US): until a final decision, Minnesota may not enforce Minn. Stat. 609.7615, as amended and adopted by S.F. 3432, against entities registered as designated contract markets by the CFTC. The court found the plaintiffs likely to succeed, at least in part, on express pre-emption. | SourceOrder on motions for preliminary injunction, 27 July 2026Authority document |
| 23 Jul 2026 | MarylandState Administrator of Elections | What happenedRegulator orderState Administrator of Elections Jared DeMarinis asked the Office of the State Prosecutor to investigate whether Kalshi, Polymarket and other prediction markets have violated Maryland's ban on wagering on elections. | SourceTheLines, 26 July 2026Maryland Matters, 23 July 2026Reported; primary check pending |
| 23 Jul 2026 | NevadaGaming Control Board | What happenedRegulator orderFiled with the state court a stipulation with KalshiEX LLC in which Kalshi admits Board investigators were able to enter prohibited contracts from Nevada in violation of the injunction and agrees to finish a multi-source third-party geofence by 12 August 2026 or pay the Board $120,000 a day, with periodic progress reports. | SourceBoard news release, 24 July 2026Joint stipulation and order, signed 24 July 2026 (scanned)Partly read; see the note |
| 22 Jul 2026 | PennsylvaniaGeneral Assembly (House) | What happenedBillHouse Bill 2711, sponsored by Representative Tarik Khan, would add prediction-market provisions to Title 4 with civil penalties (its co-sponsorship memo is titled 'Stopping Insider Trading on Prediction Markets'); referred to the Consumer Protection, Technology and Utilities Committee on 22 July 2026. | SourceGeneral Assembly bill pagePublished copy of the document |
| 21 Jul 2026 | WisconsinWisconsin Elections Commission | What happenedStatementWarned voters that, as prediction markets grow, betting on an election can cost them their vote: under Wis. Stat. 6.03(2) a person who bets on an election may not vote in it, and knowingly voting while unqualified is a felony under Wis. Stat. 12.13(1)(a). The release followed a memo on prediction markets and elections that the Commission approved unanimously on 9 July 2026. | SourceCommission release of 21 July 2026, as reposted by Urban MilwaukeePartly read; see the note |
| 20 Jul 2026 | WashingtonKing County Superior Court | What happenedCourt rulingGranted the State's amended motion for a preliminary injunction against KalshiEX LLC, finding the State likely to succeed on its Gambling Act and Consumer Protection Act claims and likely substantial injury to Washington consumers; the full terms were left to a later order after the parties conferred. | SourceOrder filed 20 July 2026Washington AG release, 21 July 2026Authority document |
| 14 Jul 2026 | OklahomaInter-Tribal Council of the Five Civilized Tribes (tribal) | What happenedStatementThe Inter-Tribal Council of the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee (Creek) and Seminole Nations adopted a resolution at its Tulsa meeting asking Congress and federal regulators to make prediction markets and event contracts comply with existing tribal, federal and state gaming laws and not undermine tribal sovereignty or tribal-state gaming compacts. | SourceThe Council's press releasePartly read; see the note |
| 7 Jul 2026 | New YorkU.S. District Court, S.D.N.Y. | What happenedCourt rulingJudge Analisa Torres denied KalshiEX LLC a preliminary injunction against the Gaming Commission's officials and terminated the Commission itself from the case; preliminary relief only. | SourceOpinion and order of 7 Jul 2026 (New York AG copy)New York AG and Governor statement, 8 Jul 2026Authority document |
| 7 Jul 2026 | North CarolinaGeneral Assembly and Governor | What happenedTaxGovernor Josh Stein signed the 2026 Appropriations Act (Senate Bill 257; reported as S.L. 2026-41), which creates a tax on prediction markets of 6 percent of an operator's net trading fee revenue apportioned to North Carolina, tied to traders domiciled and present in the state at the time of the trade, effective 1 January 2027; reports say the article requires no state licence, registration or permit and recognizes CFTC oversight of the platforms. | SourceGovernor's release: budget (Senate Bill 257) signed, 7 July 2026Holland & Knight, 16 July 2026 (rate, base, apportionment, effective date)DeFi Rate (new Article 2F 'Tax on Prediction Markets'; exclusions from net trading fee revenue)Partly read; see the note |
| 29 Jun 2026 | MichiganIngham County Circuit Court | What happenedCourt rulingJudge Rosemarie E. Aquilina granted the Attorney General a temporary restraining order halting KalshiEX LLC from engaging in or advertising internet sports betting in Michigan. | SourceOrder granting temporary restraining order, as posted by the Attorney GeneralAttorney General release, 29 June 2026Authority document |
| 29 Jun 2026 | OhioFranklin County Court of Common Pleas | What happenedExchange suitKalshiEX LLC sued the Commission in state court to stop the planned $5 million penalty, saying such penalties must be imposed in a forum with a jury and that Chapter 3775 gives no intelligible principle for setting them. | SourceCommission meeting minutes, 15 July 2026 (staff report the Franklin County suit)Commission meeting minutes, 19 August 2026iGaming Today report, 1 July 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 26 Jun 2026 | Rhode IslandU.S. District Court, D.R.I. | What happenedCourt rulingThe court granted the United States and the CFTC leave to intervene in KalshiEX LLC v. Furcolo. | SourceVultax lawsuit tracker, 7 Nov 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 25 Jun 2026 | MichiganU.S. District Court, Western District of Michigan | What happenedCourt rulingGranted the Attorney General's motion to send her suit against KalshiEX LLC back to Ingham County Circuit Court (W.D. Mich. 1:26-cv-731), denying her request for costs and fees. | SourceOpinion and Order, ECF 20, as posted by the Attorney GeneralAuthority document |
| 23 Jun 2026 | KentuckyU.S. District Court, Eastern District of Kentucky | What happenedFederal suitThe United States and the CFTC sued the Commonwealth, Governor Beshear, Attorney General Coleman, the Revenue Commissioner and the Kentucky Horse Racing and Gaming Corporation (No. 3:26-cv-00049), alleging that the state suits, the HB 757 tax and the HB 904 and HB 869 contracting bar are pre-empted as applied to CFTC-regulated exchanges, and asking for declaratory and injunctive relief. | SourceComplaint, filed 23 June 2026Authority document |
| 17 Jun 2026 | KentuckyAttorney General | What happenedState suitSued KalshiEX LLC and related entities in Franklin Circuit Court (Commonwealth ex rel. Coleman v. KalshiEX LLC, No. 26-CI-00689), alleging that its sports event contracts are unlicensed sports wagering in violation of the Kentucky Consumer Protection Act, the Loss Recovery Act and the state's gambling laws, and seeking damages, civil penalties, restitution and an injunction. | SourceUnited States and CFTC v. Kentucky complaintCommonwealth's reply in support of remand, E.D. Ky. 3:26-cv-00048, 31 August 2026Kentucky Lantern report (archived copy)Partly read; see the note |
| 17 Jun 2026 | KentuckyAttorney General | What happenedState suitSued QCX LLC (Polymarket US) and related entities in Franklin Circuit Court (No. 26-CI-00696), alleging unlicensed sports wagering and consumer-protection violations, including that Polymarket's advertising gave the false impression it was authorized to offer sports wagering in Kentucky. | SourceUnited States and CFTC v. Kentucky complaint, paragraphs 2-3 and 75-81Federal docket, E.D. Ky. 3:26-cv-00047Partly read; see the note |
| 17 Jun 2026 | MichiganU.S. District Court, Western District of Michigan | What happenedCourt rulingJudge Paul L. Maloney denied preliminary injunctions to QCX LLC (Polymarket US) and Robinhood Derivatives, LLC in two rulings; both appealed (6th Cir. 26-1552 and 26-1542, considered together). | SourceOpinion and Order denying Polymarket US's motion, ECF 41Robinhood's notice of appeal, ECF 40, citing the 17 June order (ECF 39)Court document |
| 12 Jun 2026 | KentuckyFranklin Circuit Court | What happenedExchange suitThe Coalition for Fair Markets, a group representing prediction-market companies including Kalshi and Polymarket, sued in Franklin Circuit Court to block the 14.25% excise tax, alleging that it is discriminatory, unconstitutional special legislation pre-empted by federal law; other reports say the suit also challenges the contracting bar in HB 904. | SourceKentucky Lantern, "Dueling lawsuits: KY AG sues prediction market companies a week after they sue over taxes"Reported; primary check pending |
| 12 Jun 2026 | New MexicoU.S. District Court, D.N.M. | What happenedFederal suitThe United States and the CFTC sued the State of New Mexico, the Governor, the Attorney General and the members of the Gaming Control Board (No. 1:26-cv-01912), saying the Commodity Exchange Act pre-empts the State's attempt to stop CFTC-regulated exchanges offering event contracts, and asking for declaratory and injunctive relief. | SourceCFTC complaint, filed 12 June 2026CFTC release 9251-26Order setting briefing schedule, 30 June 2026Authority document |
| 10 Jun 2026 | MassachusettsGaming Commission | What happenedStatementLaunched the "Safer Bets Start Here" awareness campaign, saying that illegal operators continue to pass themselves off as permissible and that the rise of prediction markets has included illegal sports wagers offered and marketed to people under 21. | SourceCommission press release 26-022Published copy of the document |
| 4 Jun 2026 | NevadaGaming Control Board | What happenedRegulator orderAsked the state court to hold KalshiEX LLC in contempt and impose significant monetary penalties, saying Board investigators could still enter sports, election and entertainment contracts from within Nevada despite the 18 May 2026 injunction requiring geofencing. | SourceBoard timeline (dates the motion 4 June 2026)Board news release dated 12 June 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 4 Jun 2026 | New MexicoAttorney General | What happenedState suitSued Kalshi, Inc. and KalshiEX LLC in the First Judicial District Court, Santa Fe County (New Mexico v. KalshiEx Inc., No. D-101-CV-2026-01567), alleging that its sports event contracts are unlicensed online sports betting, offered also to people aged 18 to 20, in violation of the Criminal Code and the Gaming Control Act, and asking the court to stop it. | SourceNMDOJ release, 4 June 2026The complaintAuthority document |
| Jun 2026 | IllinoisIllinois General Assembly and Governor | What happenedLawSB 3019, the FY2027 budget revenue bill, became law (Public Act 104-0468): it amends the Sports Wagering Act so that "sports wagering" includes "exchange wagers", defined as an agreement, contract, transaction or swap offered, traded or executed on a prediction market or exchange tied to a sporting contest or event, which may be offered only under an Illinois sports wagering licence. | SourcePublic Act 104-0468 (SB 3019), Article 130: General Assembly copy, archived 22 Aug 2026N.D. Ill. memorandum opinion of 2 October 2026, describing the amendments to 230 ILCS 45/25-10 and 25-90Joint status report of 8 October 2026, quoting the amended definitionsEY Tax News on SB 3019 (bill number, Public Act number, signing date)Court document |
| Jun 2026 | IllinoisIllinois General Assembly and Governor | What happenedTaxThe same law (SB 3019, Public Act 104-0468) imposes a transaction tax on exchange wagers: 1.75% of each exchange wager, rising to 3.5% of each after a licensee's first five million exchange wagers in a fiscal year (230 ILCS 45/25-90(d-20)), on top of the existing sports wagering taxes; the Act took effect on becoming law. | SourcePublic Act 104-0468 (SB 3019), Article 130: General Assembly copy, archived 22 Aug 2026Joint status report of 8 October 2026, quoting 230 ILCS 45/25-90(d-20)N.D. Ill. memorandum opinion of 2 October 2026Covers, 18 June 2026: tax applies from 1 JulyCourt document |
| Jun 2026 | IllinoisU.S. District Court, N.D. Ill. | What happenedExchange suitKalshiEX LLC sued Attorney General Kwame Raoul, the Governor and Gaming Board officials (No. 1:26-cv-07363), asking for the new prediction-market licensing requirements in SB 3019 and the related gambling laws to be declared pre-empted and for a restraining order and injunctions before the law's 1 July start. | SourceCapitol Fax roundup of 24 June 2026, quoting The BlockN.D. Ill. memorandum opinion of 2 October 2026 (Kalshi's motion filed June 2026)Partly read; see the note |
| 29 May 2026 | NevadaFirst Judicial District Court (Carson City) | What happenedCourt rulingJudge Woodbury granted the Board a preliminary injunction against QCX LLC (Polymarket US); the Board said a written order would follow. | SourceBoard news release, 1 June 2026Board timelinePartly read; see the note |
| 28 May 2026 | Rhode IslandUnited States and CFTC | What happenedFederal suitThe United States and the CFTC moved to intervene as plaintiffs in KalshiEX LLC v. Furcolo, with a proposed complaint asserting the CFTC's exclusive jurisdiction over event contracts on registered exchanges; the state defendants opposed. | SourceUnited States and CFTC motion to intervene, KalshiEX LLC v. Furcolo, D.R.I. No. 1:26-cv-00327Authority document |
| 27 May 2026 | North CarolinaGovernor | What happenedRegulator orderGovernor Josh Stein signed Executive Order No. 37, effective immediately, barring executive-branch employees from using nonpublic information to trade on prediction markets, from trading on markets tied to their duties or their agency's decisions, and from using state resources to access such platforms, with discipline and referral to the State Ethics Commission or law enforcement for violations. | SourceExecutive Order No. 37, governor's siteAuthority document |
| 26 May 2026 | ConnecticutMohegan Tribe and Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation | What happenedTribal suitThe Mohegan Tribe of Indians of Connecticut and the Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation moved to intervene in the United States and CFTC's suit against Connecticut over its efforts to stop prediction markets. | SourceLaw360, 26 May 2026 (headline and first paragraph)Reported; primary check pending |
| 26 May 2026 | MinnesotaMinnesota Legislature and Governor | What happenedLawGovernor Tim Walz signed S.F. 3432 (Laws 2026, chapter 118), whose article 6 re-enacts the prediction-market felony and advertising ban at Minn. Stat. 609.7615, amends the definition of what is not a bet so that futures and options are excluded only as provided in that section, extends the DPS director's cease-and-desist and injunction powers, and repeals the matching sections of S.F. 4760. In force 1 August 2026 for crimes committed on or after that date. | SourceLaws 2026, chapter 118 (S.F. 3432), article 6Authority document |
| 22 May 2026 | TennesseeGeneral Assembly and Governor | What happenedLawGovernor Bill Lee signed SB 1992 / HB 2079 (Senator Ferrell Haile, Representative Littleton), Public Chapter 1109, which makes it a Class E felony to engage, for pecuniary benefit, in conduct intended to influence whether an event occurs while the person (or someone acting with them) is a party to a contract on a prediction market that settles on that event. In force 1 July 2026. | SourceSB 1992 as amended by Senate Amendment SA0828 (9 April 2026), copy of the bill textLegislative history (FastDemocracy tracker): passed Senate 28-1 on 9 April, House 91-0 on 21 April,...NewsChannel5 report on the billPartly read; see the note |
| 21 May 2026 | NevadaU.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit | What happenedCourt rulingDenied KalshiEX LLC a stay pending its appeal of the remand order (No. 26-1304), finding it unlikely to show federal-question jurisdiction, and denied Nevada's motion to dismiss the appeal. | SourceNinth Circuit order, 21 May 2026Court document |
| 21 May 2026 | Rhode IslandU.S. District Court, D.R.I. | What happenedExchange suitKalshiEX LLC sued Mark Furcolo (Director of the Division of State Lottery), Attorney General Peter F. Neronha and Christina Tobiasz (Gaming and Athletics Administrator, Department of Business Regulation) (KalshiEX LLC v. Furcolo, No. 1:26-cv-00327), seeking to stop them enforcing state gaming law against its event contracts; it later moved to enjoin the state's own action. | SourceUnited States and CFTC motion to intervene, KalshiEX LLC v. Furcolo, D.R.I. No. 1:26-cv-00327Partly read; see the note |
| 21 May 2026 | Rhode IslandAttorney General | What happenedState suitRhode Island filed a petition for declaratory judgment in Providence Superior Court against KalshiEX LLC and QCX LLC (Polymarket US) (C.A. No. PC-2026-02753), seeking an injunction against their offering event contracts in the state; the Attorney General said there is no substantive difference between sports betting and event contracts and that state law allows sports wagering only through Sportsbook RI. | SourceUnited States and CFTC motion to intervene, KalshiEX LLC v. Furcolo, D.R.I. No. 1:26-cv-00327CDC Gaming Reports (InGame), 22 May 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 19 May 2026 | ConnecticutGovernor and General Assembly | What happenedLawGovernor Lamont signed HB 5229, An Act Concerning Gaming (Public Act 26-53), which among other gaming changes directs the Commissioner of Consumer Protection, with the Attorney General, the Connecticut Lottery Corporation and the two tribes, to study prediction markets in Connecticut and report by February 2027. | SourceGovernor's bill notification 2026-8, 20 May 2026 (HB 5229 signed 19 May, PA 26-53)Public Gaming report on the bill's passage, 13 May 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 19 May 2026 | MinnesotaU.S. District Court, D. Minn. | What happenedFederal suitThe United States and the CFTC sued the State of Minnesota, Governor Tim Walz, Attorney General Keith Ellison, the Department of Public Safety and the director of its Alcohol and Gambling Enforcement Division (No. 0:26-cv-02661), alleging that the new prediction-market law is pre-empted as applied to federally regulated derivatives markets. | SourceComplaint, filed 19 May 2026 (copy published by Courthouse News)Published copy of the document |
| 18 May 2026 | MinnesotaMinnesota Legislature and Governor | What happenedLawGovernor Tim Walz signed S.F. 4760 (Laws 2026, chapter 97), whose article 8 created Minn. Stat. 609.7615: a felony to create, operate or facilitate a "prediction market" on sports, games, war and disasters, events happening to people, elections and government decisions, legal actions, deaths, popular culture or statements, or to advertise such products; it also extends the DPS director's cease-and-desist and injunction powers to the new section. In force 1 August 2026. | SourceLaws 2026, chapter 97 (S.F. 4760), article 8S.F. 4760 bill historyAuthority document |
| 14 May 2026 | WisconsinGovernor of Wisconsin | What happenedRegulator orderGovernor Tony Evers signed Executive Order 294, barring state executive-branch employees from disclosing or using nonpublic information obtained in public service to profit, or avoid losses, on prediction markets, or to help others, family members included, do so. | SourceGovernor's office bulletin, 14 May 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 12 May 2026 | New MexicoU.S. District Court, D.N.M. | What happenedTribal suitThe Mescalero Apache Tribe and the Pueblos of Isleta, Pojoaque and Sandia sued Kalshi, Inc. and KalshiEX, LLC (No. 2:26-cv-01517), saying Kalshi conducts Class III gaming on their Indian lands in violation of their tribal-state compacts and gaming ordinances under IGRA, and asking for an injunction and, for three of them, civil penalties. | SourceComplaint, Doc. 1, filed 12 May 2026Clerk's minutes of the 23 September 2026 hearing, Doc. 59Court document |
| 12 May 2026 | OhioOhio General Assembly (House) | What happenedBillHouse Bill 887 (136th General Assembly), sponsored by Representatives Sean Brennan, Lauren McNally, Eric Synenberg and Erika White, would bar public officials and employees from using prediction markets; introduced 12 May 2026 and referred to the General Government Committee on 20 May 2026. | SourceBillTrack50 bill pageReported; primary check pending |
| 11 May 2026 | WisconsinU.S. District Court, W.D. Wis. | What happenedCourt rulingIn Ho-Chunk Nation v. Kalshi, Judge William M. Conley held that the Nation's complaint states a claim under the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act and that it has shown a likelihood of success on that claim, but denied a preliminary injunction for lack of irreparable harm; the Lanham Act and RICO claims were dismissed and the Robinhood defendants dropped. | SourceOpinion and order, 11 May 2026Authority document |
| 8 May 2026 | PennsylvaniaGeneral Assembly (House) | What happenedBillHouse Bill 2497, sponsored by Representative Danilo Burgos, would license 'event outcome prediction wagering' under the Gaming Control Board, impose a tax and local share assessment on it and set penalties; referred to the Gaming Oversight Committee on 8 May 2026. | SourceGeneral Assembly bill pagePublished copy of the document |
| 5 May 2026 | ArizonaU.S. District Court, D. Ariz. | What happenedCourt rulingGranted the United States and the CFTC a preliminary injunction: Arizona officials may not enforce its gambling laws (A.R.S. 5-1301 et seq., 13-3301 to 13-3312 and 16-1015) through criminal or civil actions, subpoenas or other compulsory process related to event contracts listed on CFTC-regulated exchanges. | SourceOrder, Doc. 96Vultax lawsuit tracker, 7 Nov 2026Authority document |
| 5 May 2026 | WashingtonU.S. District Court, W.D. Wash. | What happenedCourt rulingA federal judge ruled on 5 May 2026 in the State's suit, which KalshiEX LLC had removed to federal court (Washington v. KalshiEX, LLC, No. C26-1062-JCC); the case went back to King County Superior Court, and Kalshi's appeal of the remand (9th Cir. No. 26-3106) is paused. | SourceD. Utah order of 4 August 2026, note 2, citing 'Washington v. KalshiEX, LLC, No. C26-1062-JCC, 2026 WL 1217743Vultax lawsuit tracker, 7 Nov 2026Partly read; see the note |
| May 2026 | MinnesotaU.S. District Court, D. Minn. | What happenedExchange suitKalshiEX LLC (No. 0:26-cv-02778) and QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US (No. 0:26-cv-02841) each sued Attorney General Keith Ellison and other officials, alleging that the prediction-market law is pre-empted by the Commodity Exchange Act and violates their First Amendment rights by banning advertising. | SourceD. Minn. order of 27 July 2026, describing the three related casesPartly read; see the note |
| May 2026 | New YorkGaming Commission | What happenedStatementLaunched an "Unlawful Gambling = Risky Bets" public page saying that prediction markets, online casinos and offshore sites are unlawful in New York and are not licensed to offer sports wagering, and urging New Yorkers to wager only with licensed operators. | SourceGaming Commission page "Avoid the Risky Bets of Unlawful Online Gambling"Casino.org report, 11 May 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 30 Apr 2026 | MissouriMissouri Gaming Commission | What happenedStatementExecutive Director Michael A. Leara filed a comment for the Commission on the CFTC's advance notice of proposed rulemaking on prediction markets (91 FR 12516), urging the CFTC to reserve jurisdiction over sports event contracts for the states and saying that unlicensed sports event contracts are unlawful in Missouri and are sports wagering, not swaps. | SourceKalshiEX LLC v. Hanaway complaint, paragraphs 2 and 64, quoting the comment letterCFTC comment portal, comment 115442Partly read; see the note |
| 30 Apr 2026 | North CarolinaGeneral Assembly (House) | What happenedBillHB 1171, 'Prohibit Gambling in Prediction Markets', was filed by Representatives Pricey Harrison, Marcia Morey and Deb Butler and referred on 4 May 2026 to the House Rules, Calendar, and Operations Committee, where it remains. | SourceLegilist bill record, HB 1171 (2025-2026 session)Partly read; see the note |
| 30 Apr 2026 | PennsylvaniaGaming Control Board | What happenedStatementExecutive Director Kevin F. O'Toole filed comments with the CFTC (RIN 3038-AF65) saying sports contracts on prediction markets are illegal sports wagering under Pennsylvania law and that the markets fail to address gambling by people under 21. | SourceBoard press release, 5 May 2026Authority document |
| 29 Apr 2026 | IllinoisU.S. District Court, N.D. Ill. | What happenedCourt rulingIn a private gambling-loss recovery suit under Illinois's Statute of Anne against Kalshi, Robinhood, Susquehanna and Webull companies (Illinois Gambling Recovery, LLC v. Kalshi Inc., No. 1:25-cv-11374), the court granted the plaintiff's motion and sent the case back to the Circuit Court of Cook County. | SourceMemorandum opinion and order, 29 April 2026Court document |
| 28 Apr 2026 | WisconsinU.S. District Court, E.D. Wis. | What happenedFederal suitThe United States and the CFTC sued the State of Wisconsin, Governor Tony Evers, Attorney General Josh Kaul, the DOA Division of Gaming and its Administrator (No. 2:26-cv-00749), alleging that Wisconsin's gambling statutes are pre-empted as applied to the five companies the state had sued and to CFTC-registered markets. | SourceComplaint (court-published copy)E.D. Wis. decision of 28 July 2026 ("A week later, the CFTC commenced this action")Partly read; see the note |
| 27 Apr 2026 | KentuckyGovernor and General Assembly | What happenedLawGovernor Andy Beshear signed HB 869 (Representatives A. Bowling and J. Petrie), 2026 Acts Chapter 198, which amends HB 904 section 22 so that the licensee contracting bar reaches entities offering sports event contracts or a sports prediction market in Kentucky, and lets the Corporation take administrative action for violations. | SourceKentucky General Assembly record for 26RS HB 869United States and CFTC v. Kentucky complaint, paragraphs 73-74 (Acts Chapter 198)Authority document |
| 24 Apr 2026 | MarylandGovernor | What happenedRegulator orderGovernor Wes Moore issued Executive Order 01.01.2026.09, 'Use of Confidential Information and Prediction Markets', setting standards of conduct that bar executive-branch employees, appointees and contractors from using confidential state information to trade on prediction markets. | SourceGovernor's executive-order listing (number, title, date)Order as linked from the listingPartly read; see the note |
| 24 Apr 2026 | New YorkUnited States and CFTC | What happenedFederal suitThe United States and the CFTC sued New York, Governor Hochul, Attorney General James and Gaming Commission officials (S.D.N.Y. 1:26-cv-03404), alleging that federal law gives the CFTC exclusive authority over event contracts on registered exchanges and asking the court to bar enforcement of state gambling law against them; the complaint cites the Kalshi letter and the Coinbase and Gemini petitions. | SourceVultax lawsuit tracker, 7 Nov 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 24 Apr 2026 | OhioU.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit | What happenedCourt rulingDenied KalshiEX LLC's request to stop Ohio enforcing its sports gaming laws while the appeal proceeds, and expedited the appeal (KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler, No. 26-3196). | SourceCited as Schuler, 2026 WL 1295806Yogonet report, 28 April 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 23 Apr 2026 | WisconsinWisconsin Department of Justice (Attorney General) | What happenedState suitFiled three civil suits in Dane County Circuit Court against Kalshi, Robinhood and Coinbase; Polymarket (QCX LLC); and Crypto.com, each with affiliates, alleging that making sports-related event contracts available to customers in Wisconsin violates the commercial gambling statute (Wis. Stat. 945.03(1m)) and is a public nuisance, and asking for preliminary and permanent injunctions. | SourceWisconsin DOJ press release, 23 April 2026E.D. Wis. decision of 28 July 2026, background sectionPartly read; see the note |
| 22 Apr 2026 | New YorkGovernor | What happenedRegulator orderGovernor Kathy Hochul signed Executive Order No. 60, barring state officers and employees (and gubernatorial appointees to public authorities) from using confidential information obtained at work to trade on prediction markets, or helping others do so. | SourceGovernor's release, 22 Apr 2026Authority document |
| 21 Apr 2026 | IllinoisGovernor of Illinois | What happenedRegulator orderGovernor JB Pritzker signed Executive Order 2026-04, barring executive-branch employees, officers, appointees and board members from using nonpublic information from their state positions to take part, or help anyone else take part, in prediction markets or event contracts. | SourceExecutive Order 2026-04Authority document |
| 21 Apr 2026 | New YorkAttorney General | What happenedState suitFiled a verified petition in New York County Supreme Court against Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. (Index No. 451604/2026), alleging that its event contracts are unlicensed gambling, open to people under 21; it asks for a permanent injunction, an accounting, restitution, disgorgement and penalties. | SourceThe petition (New York AG copy)New York AG release, 21 Apr 2026Authority document |
| 21 Apr 2026 | New YorkAttorney General | What happenedState suitFiled a verified petition in New York County Supreme Court against Gemini Titan, LLC (Index No. 451603/2026), alleging that its event contracts are unlicensed gambling, open to people under 21; it asks for a permanent injunction, an accounting, restitution, disgorgement and penalties. | SourceThe petition (New York AG copy)New York AG release, 21 Apr 2026Authority document |
| 14 Apr 2026 | KentuckyGeneral Assembly | What happenedTaxEnacted HB 757 (Representative J. Petrie), 2026 Acts Chapter 161, an omnibus revenue act that imposes an excise tax on prediction-market operators of 14.25% of their "transaction fees", defined to include both the operator's fee and the amount a consumer pays for an event contract. The tax applies from 1 January 2027. | SourceKentucky General Assembly record for 26RS HB 757United States and CFTC v. Kentucky complaint, paragraphs 60-65 (quotes HB 757 section 71)Authority document |
| 14 Apr 2026 | KentuckyGeneral Assembly | What happenedLawEnacted HB 904 (Representatives M. Meredith and M. Koch), the "Wagering Consumer Protection Act", 2026 Acts Chapter 184, over the Governor's veto. Among much else it bars racing tracks and associations (which hold the state sports-wagering licenses), fantasy-contest licensees and their affiliates from participating in or contracting with platforms that offer event contracts through a prediction market, or with service providers tied to such platforms, and raises the sports-wagering age from 18 to 21. | SourceKentucky General Assembly record for 26RS HB 904, summary of enacted version and action historyUnited States and CFTC v. Kentucky complaint, paragraphs 71-72Authority document |
| 14 Apr 2026 | OhioCasino Control Commission | What happenedRegulator orderServed KalshiEX LLC with a notice of intent to impose a fine or civil penalty of $5,000,000 (Case No. 2026-SGR-001) for operating or conducting unlicensed sports gaming in Ohio since about January 2025, failing to cooperate with the Commission and undermining confidence in sports gaming, with 30 days to request a hearing. | SourceThe signed notice, as published by Sports Betting DimeSports Betting Dime report, 14 April 2026Published copy of the document |
| 12 Apr 2026 | MontanaU.S. District Court, D. Mont. | What happenedExchange suitKalshiEX LLC sued Attorney General Austin Knudsen, the Administrator of the Gambling Control Division, the Division itself and the five members of the Montana Lottery and Sports Wagering Commission (KalshiEX LLC v. Knudsen, No. 6:26-cv-00028), alleging the State intruded into the federal government's exclusive authority over derivatives trading on CFTC-overseen exchanges and asking for declaratory and injunctive relief. | SourceOrder of 13 April 2026 (caption)Order of 27 August 2026 (gives the filing date)Authority document |
| 10 Apr 2026 | ArizonaU.S. District Court, D. Ariz. | What happenedCourt rulingGranted the United States and the CFTC a temporary restraining order barring Arizona officials from enforcing A.R.S. 5-1301 et seq. through criminal or civil actions related to event contracts on CFTC-regulated exchanges, until 24 April 2026. | SourceOrder, Doc. 65Authority document |
| 8 Apr 2026 | ArizonaU.S. District Court, D. Ariz. | What happenedCourt rulingDenied KalshiEX LLC's motion for a preliminary injunction and its renewed motion for a temporary restraining order, holding that the Anti-Injunction Act bars the court from enjoining the pending state criminal proceeding at Kalshi's request. | SourceOrder, Doc. 51Authority document |
| 6 Apr 2026 | MontanaDepartment of Justice, Gambling Control Division | What happenedCease-and-desistMailed KalshiEX LLC a second cease-and-desist letter, which Kalshi says it received on 11 April 2026; Kalshi's complaint says the letter described the 2025 non-enforcement arrangement as tied to the Nevada preliminary injunction, which Kalshi disputes, and threatened legal action. Kalshi sued the next day. | SourceKalshi's complaint, paras. 5 and 67-68, KalshiEX LLC v. Knudsen, D. Mont. 6:26-cv-00028, Doc. 1Sports Betting Dime, 13 April 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 6 Apr 2026 | New JerseyU.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit | What happenedCourt rulingAffirmed, 2-1 with Judge Roth dissenting, the preliminary injunction for KalshiEX LLC, holding that Kalshi has a reasonable chance of showing that the Commodity Exchange Act pre-empts New Jersey law as applied to its sports-related event contracts (No. 25-1922). | SourceThird Circuit opinionCourt document |
| 3 Apr 2026 | NevadaFirst Judicial District Court (Carson City) | What happenedCourt rulingJudge Woodbury granted the Board's motion for a preliminary injunction against KalshiEX LLC from the bench and extended the restraining order for 14 days; the written injunction, entered on 18 May 2026, prohibits Kalshi from offering or facilitating sports, election and entertainment contracts in Nevada. | SourceBoard news release, 3 April 2026Board release of 24 July 2026 (date of the written order)Partly read; see the note |
| 2 Apr 2026 | ArizonaU.S. District Court, D. Ariz. | What happenedFederal suitThe United States and the CFTC sued the State of Arizona, Governor Katie Hobbs and other officials (United States v. Arizona, No. 2:26-cv-02246), saying the Commodity Exchange Act pre-empts Arizona's enforcement of its gambling laws against event contracts traded on CFTC-registered exchanges; the court consolidated it with Kalshi's case. | SourceCFTC complaint (Hobbs), 2 April 2026CFTC release 9206-26Authority document |
| 2 Apr 2026 | ConnecticutUnited States and CFTC | What happenedFederal suitThe United States and the CFTC sued Connecticut and its officials, Governor Lamont among them (D. Conn. No. 3:26-cv-00498), alleging that federal law gives the CFTC exclusive authority over event contracts on registered exchanges and asking the court to bar enforcement of state gaming law against them. | SourceVultax lawsuit tracker, 7 Nov 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 2 Apr 2026 | IllinoisU.S. District Court, N.D. Ill. | What happenedFederal suitThe United States and the CFTC sued the State of Illinois, Governor JB Pritzker, Attorney General Kwame Raoul and the Gaming Board's chair, members and Administrator (No. 1:26-cv-03659), in response to the Board's cease-and-desist letters, alleging that Illinois law is pre-empted as applied to CFTC-registered exchanges. | SourceComplaint, filed 2 April 2026Court document |
| 27 Mar 2026 | CaliforniaGovernor | What happenedRegulator orderGovernor Gavin Newsom issued an executive order barring all gubernatorial appointees from using confidential or nonpublic information obtained in their official roles to profit, or to help others profit, on prediction markets; it took effect immediately. | SourceGovernor's release, 27 March 2026The signed order (scanned PDF)Partly read; see the note |
| 27 Mar 2026 | TexasLieutenant Governor (Texas Senate) | What happenedStatementLieutenant Governor Dan Patrick issued the 2026 Senate interim charges, giving the State Affairs Committee a charge headed "Closing Gambling Loopholes": to study prediction-market gambling and whether federal law is being used to avoid Texas gambling prohibitions, including bets on elections, to compare federally regulated derivatives markets with gambling the state prohibits, and to make recommendations. | SourceLieutenant Governor release, 27 March 2026: 2026 interim charges to the Texas Senate2026 Interim Charges (PDF), State Affairs sectionSenate Committee on State Affairs page, interim chargesAuthority document |
| 27 Mar 2026 | WashingtonAttorney General | What happenedState suitSued KalshiEX LLC in King County Superior Court (State of Washington v. KalshiEX, LLC, No. 26-2-10264-3 SEA), alleging that its platform for betting on sports, elections and other events is illegal gambling under the Gambling Act and an unfair and deceptive practice under the Consumer Protection Act, and asking the court to halt it, recover money lost by Washingtonians and impose civil penalties. | SourceWashington AG release, 27 March 2026The complaintAuthority document |
| 26 Mar 2026 | NevadaFirst Judicial District Court (Carson City) | What happenedCourt rulingGranted the Board a preliminary injunction barring Coinbase Financial Markets from offering or facilitating sports, election and entertainment event contracts in Nevada. | SourceBoard timelineOrder as posted by the Board (scanned)Board release of 1 June 2026Authority document |
| 25 Mar 2026 | UtahLegislature and Governor | What happenedLawGambling Revisions (H.B. 243, 2026 General Session; chapter 410, Laws of Utah 2026), sponsored by Rep. Joseph Elison and Sen. Brady Brammer, adds 'proposition bet' (a gambling bet on an individual action, statistic, occurrence or non-occurrence) to the definition of gambling in Utah Code 76-9-1401. Signed by the Governor on 25 March 2026; in force 6 May 2026. | SourceBetter Utah Institute bill trackerOG.com complaint citing 'Gambling Revisions, ch. 410, 2026 Utah Laws (H.B. 243)'Deseret News, 26 March 2026 (signing; effective 6 May)Partly read; see the note |
| 23 Mar 2026 | CaliforniaLegislature (Assembly) | What happenedBillAB 2446 (Assembly Member Sharp-Collins) was amended to require the Attorney General to investigate any payout of $5,000 or more from prediction market wagering on an event outcome that was a matter of national security. | SourceBill page (leginfo; returned HTTP 403 when read)Legislature's 2025-2026 session data file (bill text and history read from it)Authority document |
| 23 Mar 2026 | IdahoAttorney General | What happenedStatementIssued a release and a 'Labrador Letter' saying Idaho had joined a 39-state coalition against the CFTC's claim that federal swaps law overrides state gambling laws, and that under the CFTC's theory states that ban sports betting could not enforce those bans. | SourceAG releaseLabrador LetterAuthority document |
| 20 Mar 2026 | MarylandState Board of Elections | What happenedStatementIssued a release saying betting on Maryland election results is illegal, that prediction markets let users trade contracts on election outcomes, and that participation may conflict with state law and carry criminal and civil penalties. | SourceState Board of Elections release, 20 March 2026Authority document |
| 20 Mar 2026 | NevadaFirst Judicial District Court (Carson City) | What happenedCourt rulingEntered a temporary restraining order prohibiting KalshiEX LLC from offering sports, election and entertainment event contracts in Nevada; the Board said this restricted every unlicensed prediction market it knew to be operating in Nevada. | SourceBoard news release, 20 March 2026Order as posted by the Board (scanned)Authority document |
| 17 Mar 2026 | ArizonaAttorney General | What happenedCriminal chargeFiled a 20-count criminal information against KalshiEx LLC and Kalshi Trading LLC alleging an unlicensed wagering business and election wagering; four counts concern bets on the 2028 presidential race and 2026 Arizona races, the rest bets on professional and college sports, player props and whether the SAVE Act becomes law. | SourceArizona AG release, 17 March 2026Authority document |
| 16 Mar 2026 | CaliforniaLegislature (Assembly) | What happenedBillAB 2617 (Assembly Members Schiavo and Bonta), the Protecting Kids from Online Gambling Act, was amended to bar websites and apps from making available or advertising online gambling or prediction market wagering to minors, with age assurance, Attorney General enforcement and civil penalties. | SourceBill page (leginfo; returned HTTP 403 when read)Legislature's 2025-2026 session data file (bill text and history read from it)Authority document |
| 12 Mar 2026 | ArizonaU.S. District Court, D. Ariz. | What happenedExchange suitKalshiEX LLC sued the Department of Gaming's Director and the Attorney General (KalshiEX LLC v. Johnson, No. 2:26-cv-01715), asking for Arizona's gambling laws to be declared pre-empted as applied to its exchange and for an injunction. | SourceD. Ariz. order of 8 April 2026 (background)Authority document |
| 11 Mar 2026 | IowaU.S. District Court, S.D. Iowa | What happenedExchange suitKalshiEX LLC sued Attorney General Brenna Bird, the Iowa Racing and Gaming Commission, its Administrator and its members (KalshiEX LLC v. Bird, No. 4:26-cv-00109), asking for Iowa's gambling laws to be declared pre-empted by the Commodity Exchange Act as applied to its exchange and for an injunction against their enforcement. | SourceComplaint, filed 11 Mar 2026Court document |
| 10 Mar 2026 | HawaiiLegislature (House) | What happenedBillThe House passed HB 2198, HD 2 (introduced 28 January 2026 by Representative Matayoshi and 15 others), which would amend the Penal Code's definition of gambling to include prediction markets on catastrophe, contests, death, legislation, national security, people, politics and sports; the Senate referred it to committees on 12 March 2026 and recorded no later action. | SourceHB 2198 status pageHouse Judiciary committee report 1108-26Authority document |
| 10 Mar 2026 | MichiganU.S. District Court, Western District of Michigan | What happenedCourt rulingJudge Paul L. Maloney denied QCX LLC (Polymarket US) a temporary restraining order against Michigan's enforcement, leaving the preliminary-injunction request for later. | SourceOpinion and Order, ECF 17Court document |
| 10 Mar 2026 | New YorkSenate | What happenedBillSenator Joseph P. Addabbo Jr. introduced S9414, the ORACLE Act, which would set a minimum age of 21, ban some market types (among them political, death and security markets), regulate advertising and insider trading on prediction market platforms, and bar state-licensed wagering entities from offering prediction markets in New York. | SourceNew York Senate bill page for S9414Authority document |
| 9 Mar 2026 | OhioU.S. District Court, Southern District of Ohio | What happenedCourt rulingChief Judge Sarah D. Morrison denied KalshiEX LLC's motion for a preliminary injunction against the Commission and the Attorney General; Kalshi appealed the next day (6th Cir. 26-3196), and on 20 March 2026 the court also denied an injunction pending appeal. | SourceOpinion and Order, ECF 69Notice of appeal, ECF 70Joint motion to stay, ECF 74 (recites the 20 March denial, ECF 73)Court document |
| 5 Mar 2026 | IllinoisIllinois General Assembly | What happenedBillSB 4168, the Prediction Market Regulation and Taxation Act (Sen. Michael Hastings), introduced: a $1 million annually renewable master licence from the Gaming Board for exchanges offering event contracts and a 50% tax on adjusted gross receipts; reported as limited to contracts other than sports. Referred to Assignments; no further action reported. | SourceCovers, 6 March 2026Reported; primary check pending |
| 4 Mar 2026 | MichiganU.S. District Court, Western District of Michigan | What happenedExchange suitQCX LLC (Polymarket US) sued Attorney General Dana Nessel and the Board's members and executive director (W.D. Mich. 1:26-cv-00710), asking for a declaration and an injunction against enforcement of Michigan's gaming laws against it. | SourceComplaint, ECF 1 (Filed 03/04/26)Court document |
| 4 Mar 2026 | MichiganU.S. District Court, Western District of Michigan | What happenedExchange suitRobinhood Derivatives, LLC sued Attorney General Dana Nessel and the Board's members and executive director (W.D. Mich. 1:26-cv-00730), saying Michigan law is pre-empted by the Commodity Exchange Act as applied to event contracts traded on designated contract markets. | SourceComplaint, ECF 1 (Filed 03/04/26)Court document |
| 3 Mar 2026 | KentuckyU.S. District Court, Eastern District of Kentucky | What happenedCourt rulingSent Kentucky Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc., a private suit under Kentucky's Loss Recovery Act against Kalshi, Susquehanna, Robinhood and Webull entities, back to Franklin Circuit Court, finding no federal jurisdiction; the court did not decide whether event contracts violate Kentucky gambling law. | SourceOpinion and order (Doc. 31), E.D. Ky. 3:25-cv-00054, filed 3 March 2026Court document |
| 3 Mar 2026 | MichiganAttorney General | What happenedState suitAttorney General Dana Nessel, for the people and the Gaming Control Board, sued KalshiEX LLC in Ingham County Circuit Court (No. 26-1087-CZ), alleging that it runs unlicensed internet sports betting in violation of the Lawful Sports Betting Act and that its offerings are a public nuisance. | SourceW.D. Mich. remand opinion, 25 June 2026 (states the filing date)Attorney General release, 29 June 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 2 Mar 2026 | NevadaFederal court (D. Nev.) | What happenedCourt rulingSent the Board's suit against the Polymarket companies back to state court, holding that Polymarket does not meet the federal-officer removal test and that the Board's claims arise under state law (D. Nev. 3:26-cv-00089). | SourceRemand order as posted by the BoardAuthority document |
| 2 Mar 2026 | NevadaFederal court (D. Nev.) | What happenedCourt rulingSent the Board's suit against KalshiEX LLC back to state court, holding that the Commodity Exchange Act does not completely pre-empt the Board's claims and that the CFTC is not a necessary party (D. Nev. 2:26-cv-00406). | SourceRemand order as posted by the BoardAuthority document |
| Mar 2026 | ArizonaU.S. District Court, D. Ariz. | What happenedCourt rulingRefused KalshiEX LLC a temporary restraining order and ordered Kalshi to show cause why the court should not abstain in favour of the state criminal case. | SourceD. Ariz. order of 8 April 2026 describing Doc. 15Partly read; see the note |
| Mar 2026 | LouisianaGaming Control Board | What happenedStatementBoard chairman Christopher B. Hebert said the Board was "actively seeking ways to stop" prediction markets. | SourceQCX LLC (Polymarket US) v. Murrill complaint, paragraph 91 and footnote 17, citing The Advocate of 12...Partly read; see the note |
| 25 Feb 2026 | MissouriMissouri Gaming Commission | What happenedStatementExecutive Director Mike Leara told ABC 17 News in a statement that the Commission considers prediction markets sports betting and will await the outcome of several federal and state court cases before deciding its next steps. | SourceABC 17 News, 25 February 2026: State of the Union draws over $12M in wagers as prediction markets growReported; primary check pending |
| 23 Feb 2026 | UtahU.S. District Court, D. Utah | What happenedExchange suitKalshiEX LLC sued the Governor, the Attorney General and three of his deputies (KalshiEX LLC v. Cox, No. 2:26-cv-00151), asking for a declaration that Utah's gambling laws are pre-empted as applied to its exchange and for an injunction against their enforcement. | SourceComplaint, Doc. 1, filed 23 February 2026Court document |
| 22 Feb 2026 | UtahAttorney General | What happenedStatementPublished an opinion piece in the Deseret News taking a stand against gambling apps and prediction markets, which Kalshi's complaint reads as a statement of intent to bring an action against it. | SourceKalshiEX LLC v. Cox complaint, para. 67 and note 19Partly read; see the note |
| 19 Feb 2026 | TennesseeU.S. District Court, Middle District of Tennessee | What happenedCourt rulingGranted Kalshi a preliminary injunction against the Council's chairman, its executive director and the Attorney General, holding that Kalshi was likely to show its sports event contracts are swaps under the CFTC's exclusive jurisdiction; denied it as to the Council itself and ordered Kalshi to post a further $500,000 bond. | SourceMemorandum (Doc. 48), filed 19 February 2026Published copy of the document |
| 17 Feb 2026 | MassachusettsAppeals Court | What happenedCourt rulingThe Appeals Court stayed the preliminary injunction against KalshiEX LLC pending an expedited appeal. | SourceLaw360, 17 Feb 2026 (headline and first paragraph)D. Conn. memorandum and order denying Kalshi a preliminary injunction, KalshiEX LLC v. Cafferelli, No....Reported; primary check pending |
| 17 Feb 2026 | NevadaGaming Control Board | What happenedState suitFiled a civil enforcement action in the First Judicial District Court in Carson City against KalshiEX LLC, asking for a declaration and injunction; the complaint alleges unlicensed wagering in violation of the same four statutes. | SourceBoard news release, 17 February 2026Complaint as posted by the Board (scanned)Attorney General's letter to the Ninth Circuit announcing the suitAuthority document |
| 17 Feb 2026 | UtahGovernor | What happenedStatementAnswering the CFTC Chairman's statement that the CFTC would defend its exclusive jurisdiction, the Governor posted that he would use every resource at his disposal to challenge the CFTC's position; on 19 February he added that rebranding betting as a financial product does not reduce its harm and that Utah is ready to defend its laws in court. | SourceKalshiEX LLC v. Cox complaint, paras. 64-66 (quoting the posts)Partly read; see the note |
| 17 Feb 2026 | VirginiaGeneral Assembly (House of Delegates) | What happenedBillThe House passed HB 271 (Delegate Paul E. Krizek), 90-7, establishing a Virginia Gaming Commission and directing it to study the legal, economic, technological and public-policy implications of prediction markets, consulting the Attorney General, and to finish by 1 October 2029; on 9 March 2026 the Senate Finance and Appropriations Committee continued the bill to 2027, 10-4. | SourceHB 271 bill page, 2026 Regular Session (history and votes)House General Laws substitute text (prediction-market study clause)Authority document |
| 11 Feb 2026 | CaliforniaLegislature (Assembly) | What happenedBillAB 1840 (Assembly Member Sanchez) was introduced: it would bar specified state and local officials, employees and lobbyists from trading prediction market contracts when they hold, or may foreseeably obtain through their duties, material nonpublic information about the trade; violations would be misdemeanors under the Political Reform Act. | SourceBill page (leginfo; returned HTTP 403 when read)Legislature's 2025-2026 session data file (bill text and history read from it)Authority document |
| 5 Feb 2026 | IllinoisIllinois General Assembly | What happenedBillHB 5142 (Rep. Daniel Didech) introduced: it would widen the Sports Wagering Act's definition of "sports wagering" to cover prediction markets and event contracts tied to sports. Re-referred to the Rules Committee on 27 March 2026; no further action reported. | SourceBillTrack50 summary of HB 5142Reported; primary check pending |
| 5 Feb 2026 | MarylandLottery and Gaming Control Agency | What happenedStatementIn written testimony supporting its departmental bill HB 295 (prohibition on interactive games and revenue from illegal markets), the Agency told the House Ways and Means Committee that prediction-market event contracts on sporting events constitute unlicensed sports wagering and that Maryland is defending KalshiEX LLC v. Martin in the Fourth Circuit. | SourceAgency testimony on HB 295, hearing of 5 February 2026HB 295 bill page (2026 session)Authority document |
| 5 Feb 2026 | NevadaFirst Judicial District Court (Carson City) | What happenedCourt rulingIssued a temporary restraining order barring Coinbase Financial Markets from offering prohibited event contracts in Nevada. | SourceBoard timelineOrder as posted by the Board (scanned)Authority document |
| 2 Feb 2026 | NevadaGaming Control Board | What happenedState suitFiled a civil enforcement action in the First Judicial District Court in Carson City against Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc., asking for a declaration and injunction; the complaint alleges that Coinbase offers event contracts to people in Nevada in violation of the same four statutes. | SourceBoard news release, 3 February 2026Complaint as posted by the Board (scanned)Authority document |
| 2 Feb 2026 | New YorkAttorney General | What happenedStatementIssued a consumer and industry alert ahead of the Super Bowl warning New Yorkers that prediction markets lack the consumer protections of regulated platforms, and cautioning businesses that offering or promoting unlicensed sports betting may breach New York gambling law and bring civil and criminal liability. | SourceNew York AG: "Consumer Alert and Industry Alert: Attorney General James Warns New Yorkers of Potential...Authority document |
| Feb 2026 | ConnecticutGovernor | What happenedBillGovernor Ned Lamont proposed HB 5038, which would bar prediction market platforms from letting anyone under 21 register or open a speculative position and from advertising to people under 21. | SourceGovernor's 2026 legislative proposal fact sheet, HB 5038Partly read; see the note |
| 29 Jan 2026 | NevadaFirst Judicial District Court (Carson City) | What happenedCourt rulingIssued a 14-day temporary restraining order barring the Polymarket companies from offering prohibited event contracts in Nevada. | SourceBoard timelineOrder as posted by the Board (scanned)Federal remand order of 2 March 2026 (describes it)Authority document |
| 27 Jan 2026 | IllinoisIllinois Gaming Board | What happenedCease-and-desistSent a cease-and-desist letter to QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US, saying it is engaging in unlicensed sports wagering in Illinois over the internet and on mobile devices in violation of the Sports Wagering Act and the Criminal Code, directing it and anyone affiliated with its operations to stop, and warning of civil or criminal penalties. | SourceLetter to QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US, 27 January 2026Authority document |
| 20 Jan 2026 | MassachusettsSuffolk Superior Court | What happenedCourt rulingJudge Christopher K. Barry-Smith granted the Commonwealth a preliminary injunction barring KalshiEX LLC from offering sports event contracts to people in Massachusetts without a licence; preliminary relief only. | SourceD. Conn. memorandum and order denying Kalshi a preliminary injunction, KalshiEX LLC v. Cafferelli, No....CDC Gaming Reports, 20 Jan 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 16 Jan 2026 | NevadaGaming Control Board | What happenedState suitFiled a civil enforcement action in the First Judicial District Court in Carson City against Blockratize Inc. (Polymarket), QCX LLC (Polymarket US) and Adventure One QSS Inc., asking for a declaration and injunction; the complaint alleges unlicensed wagering in violation of NRS 463.160, 463.350, 465.086 and 465.092. | SourceBoard news release, 16 January 2026Complaint as posted by the Board (scanned)Authority document |
| 13 Jan 2026 | New YorkSenate | What happenedBillSenator Jeremy Cooney introduced S8889, the New York prediction market regulation act, which would require operators of prediction market platforms to be licensed by the Department of Financial Services before serving New York residents, with conduct standards and powers to suspend licences, fine and order restitution. | SourceNew York Senate bill page for S8889Authority document |
| 12 Jan 2026 | TennesseeU.S. District Court, Middle District of Tennessee | What happenedCourt rulingJudge Aleta A. Trauger granted Kalshi a temporary restraining order barring the defendants from enforcing the Tennessee Sports Gaming Act and the state's gambling statutes against Kalshi until a hearing on its preliminary-injunction motion. | SourceTemporary restraining order (Doc. 22), 12 January 2026Court document |
| 9 Jan 2026 | TennesseeSports Wagering Council | What happenedCease-and-desistSent cease-and-desist letters to KalshiEX LLC, Polymarket and Crypto.com's exchange, demanding that they stop offering sports event contracts to customers in Tennessee immediately, void pending contracts entered from Tennessee and refund Tennessee customers' deposits by 31 January 2026, and warning of fines of $10,000 to $25,000 per offense, a suit for an injunction and referral to law enforcement. | SourceLetter to KalshiEX LLC of 9 January 2026, filed as Exhibit 1Covers report on the three lettersThe Block report on the Polymarket letterPartly read; see the note |
| 9 Jan 2026 | TennesseeU.S. District Court, Middle District of Tennessee | What happenedExchange suitKalshiEX LLC sued the Council, its chairman William Orgel, its executive director and Attorney General Jonathan Skrmetti the same day the letter was sent, asking the court to declare Tennessee's sports-gaming and gambling laws pre-empted as applied to its exchange and to bar their enforcement (KalshiEX LLC v. Orgel, No. 3:26-cv-00034). | SourcePreliminary-injunction memorandum of 19 February 2026Partly read; see the note |
| 18 Dec 2025 | ConnecticutU.S. District Court, D. Conn. | What happenedExchange suitCoinbase Financial Markets, Inc. sued Attorney General Tong, Commissioner Cafferelli and Director of Gaming Gilman (No. 3:25-cv-02121) and moved the same day for a preliminary injunction against enforcement of Connecticut gambling law against the event contracts it planned to offer. | SourceD. Conn. memorandum and order of 10 Aug 2026 in Coinbase v. Tong (states the filing date)Authority document |
| 18 Dec 2025 | IllinoisU.S. District Court, N.D. Ill. | What happenedExchange suitCoinbase Financial Markets, Inc. sued the Attorney General and the Gaming Board's chair, members and Administrator (No. 1:25-cv-15406), asking for a declaration that federal law pre-empts Illinois law as applied to the event contracts it planned to offer and for an injunction. | SourceComplaint, filed 18 December 2025Court document |
| 18 Dec 2025 | MichiganU.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan | What happenedExchange suitCoinbase Financial Markets, Inc. sued Attorney General Dana Nessel and the Board's members and executive director (E.D. Mich. 4:25-cv-14092), asking the court to declare Michigan's gambling laws pre-empted as applied to sports event contracts on federally regulated exchanges and to enjoin enforcement. | SourceComplaint, ECF 1Court document |
| 16 Dec 2025 | PennsylvaniaGaming Control Board | What happenedHearingExecutive Director Kevin O'Toole, Chief Counsel Steve Cook and Chief Enforcement Counsel Cyrus Pitre testified at the House Gaming Oversight Committee's informational meeting on prediction markets and sports gambling, describing platforms such as Kalshi and Polymarket as wagering outside Pennsylvania's consumer protection and tax framework. | SourceHouse Gaming Oversight Committee meeting page, 16 December 2025Board testimonyPublished copy of the document |
| 8 Dec 2025 | ConnecticutDepartment of Consumer Protection | What happenedRegulator orderUnder a joint stipulation, the court ordered the state defendants to refrain from enforcement against KalshiEX LLC for the conduct named in the cease-and-desist order until it decided Kalshi's injunction motion. | SourceD. Conn. memorandum and order denying Kalshi a preliminary injunction, KalshiEX LLC v. Cafferelli, No....Partly read; see the note |
| 5 Dec 2025 | ArizonaDepartment of Gaming | What happenedRegulator orderIssued Underdog a notice of intent to revoke its fantasy sports contest operator licence (FS200008), saying its partnership with Crypto.com aided Crypto.com's conduct in Arizona; the notice is open to administrative appeal and Underdog remained authorised to operate meanwhile. | SourceSports Betting DimeiGaming BusinessReported; primary check pending |
| 3 Dec 2025 | ConnecticutU.S. District Court, D. Conn. | What happenedExchange suitKalshiEX LLC sued Commissioner Bryan T. Cafferelli, Director of Gaming Kristofer Gilman, the Department of Consumer Protection and Attorney General William Tong (KalshiEX LLC v. Cafferelli, No. 3:25-cv-02016), seeking to bar enforcement of Connecticut gambling law against its sports event contracts; it moved for a preliminary injunction on 5 December. | SourceD. Conn. memorandum and order denying Kalshi a preliminary injunction, KalshiEX LLC v. Cafferelli, No....Authority document |
| 2 Dec 2025 | ConnecticutDepartment of Consumer Protection | What happenedCease-and-desistThe Gaming Division ordered KalshiEX LLC (Case No. 2025-77), Robinhood Derivatives, LLC (Case No. 2025-336) and Crypto.com (Case No. 2025-324) to stop immediately advertising, offering or making available sports event contracts or any other unlicensed online gambling to Connecticut residents, while letting residents withdraw their funds; it warned of civil penalties under the Unfair Trade Practices Act and criminal penalties under the gaming statutes. | SourceDCP order to KalshiEX LLC, dated 2 Dec 2025DCP release, 3 Dec 2025 (links all three orders)Authority document |
| Dec 2025 | LouisianaGaming Control Board | What happenedLetter to licenseesSent its licensees an advisory notice stating the Board's position that sporting event contracts and certain other event contracts are illegal gambling under the Louisiana Criminal Code and Gaming Control Law, that it sees no defense in offering them under a CFTC license, and that even indirect involvement with event contracts may affect a related party's suitability for licensing in Louisiana. | SourceQCX LLC (Polymarket US) v. Murrill complaint, paragraphs 91-92, quoting "Advisory Notice 1"KalshiEX LLC v. Murrill complaint, introduction, quoting the Board's notice (Exhibit 1)Partly read; see the note |
| 25 Nov 2025 | NevadaFederal court (D. Nev.) | What happenedCourt rulingDissolved KalshiEX LLC's preliminary injunction (Hendrick II) and denied Robinhood Derivatives a temporary restraining order; Robinhood then agreed with the Board to stop offering new sports event contracts in Nevada pending further proceedings, while Kalshi asked for a stay pending appeal. | SourceNotice to Licensees 2025-100Robinhood order of 25 November 2025, petition appendix 26-338Ninth Circuit opinion 25-7516Court document |
| 25 Nov 2025 | NevadaGaming Control Board | What happenedLetter to licenseesNotice to Licensees 2025-100, "KalshiEx and Robinhood Update": reported the day's rulings and Robinhood's agreement, said Kalshi had declined to stop operating in Nevada, and reissued the guidance of Notice 2025-77 to all licensees. | SourceNotice 2025-100Authority document |
| 19 Nov 2025 | MarylandLottery and Gaming Control Commission | What happenedLetter to licenseesNotified casino, sports wagering and fantasy competition licensees that a sporting event contract offered on a CFTC-registered exchange without a Maryland sports wagering licence is illegal activity, that any direct or indirect association for financial gain with an unlicensed person offering such contracts, in Maryland or another jurisdiction where it is unauthorized, may bear on their licences, and that licensees pursuing involvement with a CFTC-regulated exchange must tell the Commission promptly. | SourceNotification - Involvement in Prediction Markets - Sporting Event Contracts, 19 November 2025, signed by...Published copy of the document |
| 18 Nov 2025 | New YorkGaming Commission | What happenedStatementAt a Commission meeting, Chair Brian O'Dwyer called prediction markets a direct threat to the Commission's authority and directed the general counsel and staff to examine whether licensees' participation in prediction markets makes them unfit to hold a licence, and to make recommendations. | SourcePublic Gaming Research Institute report, 19 Nov 2025Reported; primary check pending |
| 13 Nov 2025 | MassachusettsGaming Commission | What happenedLetter to licenseesExecutive Director Dean Serpa told all sports wagering licensees that they are prohibited from offering sports-related event contracts in Massachusetts, directly or through an affiliate, or directing patrons to them; doing so could lead to steps up to revocation of the licence, and action by another regulator over prediction markets may inform suitability decisions. Licensees had ten business days to reply in writing. | SourceThe letter of 13 Nov 2025Commission press release 25-047Published copy of the document |
| 12 Nov 2025 | NevadaGaming Control Board | What happenedRegulator orderAccepted the surrender of Flutter Entertainment PLC's order of registration and all related licences and approvals, including those of FanDuel Sportsbooks, and approved the withdrawal of all pending DraftKings applications relating to sports wagering in Nevada, saying both companies intend to engage in unlawful activities related to sports event contracts. | SourceNotice 2025-90Authority document |
| 12 Nov 2025 | NevadaGaming Control Board | What happenedLetter to licenseesIn the same Notice 2025-90, reissued its guidance to licensees that sports event contracts are wagers and warned that the Board may take administrative or enforcement action against any licensee that offers them, or partners with an entity that offers them, without complying with another state's rules. | SourceNotice 2025-90Authority document |
| 10 Nov 2025 | CaliforniaFederal court (N.D. Cal.) | What happenedCourt rulingJudge Jacqueline Scott Corley denied the tribes' motion for a preliminary injunction, reasoning that the transactions do not occur on Indian lands and that the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act, not the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, controls. | SourceNinth Circuit opinion 25-7504 (describes the ruling)Third Circuit opinion citing 2025 WL 3141202 (N.D. Cal. Nov. 10, 2025)Partly read; see the note |
| 7 Nov 2025 | New YorkAssembly | What happenedBillAssembly member Clyde Vanel introduced A9251 (now A9251B), which would add an Article 48 to the General Business Law barring prediction market platforms from letting New York consumers trade catastrophic event, political, death, athletic event and unlawful commodity markets, with Attorney General enforcement, civil penalties and injunctions. | SourceNew York Senate bill page for A9251 (2025-2026 session)Authority document |
| 27 Oct 2025 | New YorkU.S. District Court, S.D.N.Y. | What happenedExchange suitKalshiEX LLC sued the Gaming Commission, its Executive Director and its commissioners (KalshiEX LLC v. Williams, No. 1:25-cv-08846), asking the court to declare that the CFTC has exclusive jurisdiction over its sports event contracts and to bar the Commission from enforcing New York gambling law against it. | SourceS.D.N.Y. opinion and order of 7 Jul 2026 (states the filing date), New York AG copyAuthority document |
| 24 Oct 2025 | New YorkGaming Commission | What happenedCease-and-desistExecutive Director Robert Williams sent KalshiEX LLC a cease-and-desist letter demanding that it stop operating, advertising or making available an unlicensed mobile sports wagering platform in New York, listing 20 sports contract types from its CFTC filings, and asking it to confirm that the activity had ended; the Commission reserved the right to levy civil penalties and fines. | SourceThe letter, posted by the Gaming CommissionAuthority document |
| 23 Oct 2025 | IllinoisIllinois Gaming Board | What happenedLetter to licenseesMemorandum from the Administrator to all licensees, applicants and stakeholders: "prediction markets", including sports event contracts, are gambling under Illinois law; taking part in or facilitating them without Board licensure, or partnering with a party that breaks another state's or tribe's gaming laws, may affect suitability for an Illinois licence, and violators may face discipline up to licence revocation. | SourceThe memorandum (PDF published by InGame)Published copy of the document |
| 15 Oct 2025 | NevadaGaming Control Board | What happenedLetter to licenseesNotice to Licensees 2025-77, "Sports Event Contracts are Wagers": the Board considers sports and certain other event contracts (including on the World Series of Poker, the Oscars, esports and elections) to be wagering whether or not they are listed on a CFTC-regulated exchange; they may be offered in Nevada only under a nonrestricted licence with sports pool approval, and a licensee that offers them, or partners with an entity offering them, in Nevada or in another state without complying with that state's rules may face suitability review and discipline. | SourceNotice 2025-77Authority document |
| 14 Oct 2025 | NevadaFederal court (D. Nev.) | What happenedCourt rulingDenied North American Derivatives Exchange (Crypto.com) a preliminary injunction, holding that its contracts on the outcome of live sporting events are not swaps under the Commodity Exchange Act; Crypto.com then agreed with the Board to limit its event-contract offerings in Nevada pending appeal. | SourceDistrict court order, petition appendix 26-344, pages 6a to 39aBoard timelineCourt document |
| 7 Oct 2025 | OhioU.S. District Court, Southern District of Ohio | What happenedExchange suitKalshiEX LLC sued the Commission's executive director, its commissioners, the Commission and Attorney General Dave Yost (KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler, S.D. Ohio 2:25-cv-01165), asking the court to declare Ohio's sports gaming and gambling laws pre-empted as applied to its exchange and to enjoin enforcement. | SourceComplaint, ECF 1Court document |
| 6 Oct 2025 | OhioCasino Control Commission | What happenedCease-and-desistTold KalshiEX LLC's counsel that it is unpersuaded that federal law pre-empts Ohio's sports gaming and gambling laws, that it expects Kalshi to comply with the March 2025 cease-and-desist letter and confirm in writing by 20 October 2025, and that it will not change its 25 August licensee advisement. | SourceCommission letter of 6 October 2025, Exhibit 8 to Kalshi's complaint (ECF 1-8)Court document |
| 3 Oct 2025 | MichiganGaming Control Board | What happenedLetter to licenseesSent a memorandum to commercial casinos, internet gaming and sports betting operators and suppliers, and fantasy contest operators that any involvement in offering sporting event contracts, directly or through affiliates, will have implications for their Michigan licences, including such activity in other states where regulators have objected. | SourceThe memorandum, copy hosted by InGamePublished copy of the document |
| 3 Oct 2025 | PennsylvaniaGaming Control Board | What happenedStatementExecutive Director Kevin F. O'Toole wrote to Pennsylvania's two U.S. Senators and 17 members of Congress asking them to urge the CFTC to address sports wagering through event contracts, which he called a backdoor to legal sports betting outside the state-regulated system. | SourceBoard press release, 8 October 2025Authority document |
| 15 Sep 2025 | ArizonaDepartment of Gaming | What happenedLetter to licenseesThe Director sent licensees a notice on prediction markets: offering or selling event contracts to people in Arizona without a Department licence violates Arizona law, and any licensee's (or related entity's) offering of event contracts, or partnership with a company offering them, in Arizona or elsewhere, will be weighed in deciding its suitability to hold a licence, with denial, revocation, suspension or fines possible. | SourceThe notice, published by InGamePublished copy of the document |
| Sep 2025 | MassachusettsAttorney General | What happenedState suitThe Attorney General sued KalshiEX LLC in Suffolk Superior Court (No. 2584CV02525), alleging that it offers sports wagering in Massachusetts without a licence. | SourceNew York Attorney General: release on the 38-attorney-general amicus brief in Massachusetts v. KalshiEXD. Conn. memorandum and order denying Kalshi a preliminary injunction, KalshiEX LLC v. Cafferelli, No....Partly read; see the note |
| 25 Aug 2025 | OhioCasino Control Commission | What happenedLetter to licenseesSent its sports gaming licensees an advisement that offering sporting event contracts through their own or related designated contract markets or futures commission merchants, or doing business with anyone offering unlicensed sports gaming in Ohio, will be weighed when it reviews their continued suitability; it said geofencing Ohio may not resolve the concern. | SourceThe advisement as reproduced by The Closing Line, Exhibit 5 to Kalshi's complaintCommission letter to Kalshi's counsel, 6 October 2025, naming the 'Sports Gaming Licensee Advisement' of...Partly read; see the note |
| 20 Aug 2025 | WisconsinU.S. District Court, W.D. Wis. | What happenedTribal suitThe Ho-Chunk Nation sued Kalshi Inc., KalshiEX LLC and two Robinhood companies (No. 3:25-cv-00698), alleging that Kalshi's sports event contracts are unlawful class III gaming offered on the Nation's lands in violation of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, and bringing Lanham Act and RICO claims. | SourceComplaint, filed 20 August 2025 (copy published by Turtle Talk)Published copy of the document |
| 19 Aug 2025 | NevadaFederal court (D. Nev.) | What happenedExchange suitRobinhood Derivatives LLC sued the Board, the Gaming Commission, their members and the Attorney General (D. Nev. 2:25-cv-01541), saying the CFTC has exclusive jurisdiction over the contracts traded on Kalshi's exchange. | SourceBoard timelinePetition appendix 26-338Court document |
| 12 Aug 2025 | MarylandLottery and Gaming Control Commission and Agency (through counsel) | What happenedRegulator orderGave KalshiEX LLC written assurance that the defendants would not enforce the relevant Maryland laws against it while its Fourth Circuit appeal is pending, after which Kalshi withdrew its motion for an injunction pending appeal. | SourceKalshi's notice of withdrawal, ECF No. 83, filed 13 August 2025 (copy hosted by InGame)Partly read; see the note |
| 1 Aug 2025 | MarylandU.S. District Court, District of Maryland | What happenedCourt rulingJudge Adam B. Abelson denied KalshiEX LLC a preliminary injunction, holding that Kalshi had not shown it is likely to succeed on its claim that the Commodity Exchange Act pre-empts Maryland's gaming laws. Kalshi appealed the same day (4th Cir. No. 25-1892). | SourceMemorandum opinion, ECF No. 70, filed 1 August 2025Kalshi's notice of withdrawal, ECF No. 83Authority document |
| 22 Jul 2025 | CaliforniaTribes (federal court, N.D. Cal.) | What happenedTribal suitBlue Lake Rancheria, Chicken Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians and Picayune Rancheria of the Chukchansi Indians sued Kalshi Inc., KalshiEX LLC, Robinhood Markets, Inc. and Robinhood Derivatives LLC (N.D. Cal. 3:25-cv-06162), alleging that their sports event contracts are illegal sports gambling on the tribes' reservations in violation of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, and seeking injunctions and damages. | SourceComplaint, filed 22 July 2025Court document |
| 4 Jun 2025 | NevadaFederal court (D. Nev.) | What happenedExchange suitNorth American Derivatives Exchange (Crypto.com) sued the State of Nevada on relation of the Board, its members and the Attorney General (D. Nev. 2:25-cv-00978), asking for an injunction against enforcement of Nevada gaming law. | SourceBoard timelinePetition appendix 26-344Court document |
| 3 Jun 2025 | ArizonaDepartment of Gaming | What happenedLetter to licenseesSent a letter to event wagering operators, designees and management services providers asking for information about designated contract markets and the sale of contracts on sporting events. | SourceDepartment notice to operators, 15 September 2025, which describes the 3 June letterPartly read; see the note |
| 2 Jun 2025 | ArizonaDepartment of Gaming | What happenedStatementThe Director wrote to the CFTC's Acting Chairman, on behalf of the State, opposing the offering of sports contracts in Arizona by Kalshi, Crypto.com and Robinhood, calling it illegal gambling whose promotion is a felony, and criticising the CFTC's inaction. | SourceThe letter, published by InGamePublished copy of the document |
| Jun 2025 | ArizonaDepartment of Gaming | What happenedCease-and-desistSent a further round of seven cease-and-desist letters, Novig among them, to operators offering sports betting or other gambling in Arizona without a Department licence. | SourceCovers, 30 June 2025Reported; primary check pending |
| 21 May 2025 | ArizonaDepartment of Gaming | What happenedCease-and-desistSent a cease-and-desist letter to KalshiEX LLC, signed by the Department's chief law enforcement officer, saying Kalshi is not licensed, that its operation of event wagering in Arizona is illegal, and that there is no meaningful difference between buying its contracts and betting with a sportsbook; it required Kalshi to cease gambling operations in Arizona and warned of criminal charges or a civil action. | SourceThe signed letter, published by InGameD. Ariz. order of 5 May 2026 quoting the letterAuthority document |
| 20 May 2025 | NevadaGaming Control Board | What happenedCease-and-desistSent North American Derivatives Exchange (Crypto.com) a cease-and-desist letter saying that offering event-based wagering contracts on sporting events is unlawful in Nevada unless approved as licensed gaming, that Crypto.com was operating an unlicensed sports pool, and that continued offers would be treated as wilful violations. | SourceBoard timelineDistrict court order of 14 October 2025, quoting the letterPartly read; see the note |
| 8 May 2025 | NevadaGaming Control Board | What happenedCease-and-desistSent Robinhood a letter warning it not to start offering sports event contracts in Nevada; according to the federal court, the letter said the Board would treat letting Nevada customers trade sports-related contracts on Kalshi's exchange as a violation of Nevada gaming law. | SourceBoard timelineDistrict court order of 25 November 2025, in the Robinhood petition appendixPartly read; see the note |
| May 2025 | ArizonaDepartment of Gaming | What happenedCease-and-desistSent cease-and-desist letters to Crypto.com and Robinhood over sports-related event contracts offered in Arizona without a licence. | SourceDepartment notice to operators, 15 September 2025, saying letters went to Kalshi, Crypto.com and RobinhoodiGaming Business, December 2025 (Crypto.com order dated May)Partly read; see the note |
| 29 Apr 2025 | MichiganGaming Control Board | What happenedStatementWrote to CFTC Acting Chairperson Caroline Pham that sporting event contracts are materially identical to internet sports wagers covered by the Lawful Sports Betting Act and that those offered in Michigan without a Board licence may be violating Michigan law. | SourceBoard news release, 29 April 2025The letter, copy hosted by InGameAuthority document |
| 28 Apr 2025 | New JerseyFederal court (D.N.J.) | What happenedCourt rulingJudge Edward S. Kiel granted KalshiEX LLC a preliminary injunction against enforcement of New Jersey's sports wagering law and Constitution against its sports-related event contracts, with a $100,000 bond. | SourceOpinion of 28 April 2025Authority document |
| 21 Apr 2025 | MarylandU.S. District Court, District of Maryland | What happenedExchange suitKalshiEX LLC sued the Commission's secretary and commissioners, the Agency, the Commission and Attorney General Anthony G. Brown (KalshiEX LLC v. Martin, No. 1:25-cv-01283), asking for a declaration that the Commodity Exchange Act pre-empts Maryland's gaming laws as applied to its sports event contracts and for an injunction against enforcement. | SourceMemorandum opinion, 1 August 2025, describing the suit and the 7 April letterPACER Monitor docket listing (filing date, defendants)Authority document |
| 21 Apr 2025 | MarylandU.S. District Court, District of Maryland | What happenedExchange suitNorth American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. (Crypto.com) sued Maryland's gaming officials (North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. v. Martin, No. 1:25-cv-01285) after the Commission's cease-and-desist notice, asking for declaratory and injunctive relief on the ground that its sports event contracts fall under the CFTC's jurisdiction. | SourceCrypto.com announcement of the suit, 21 April 2025Law360 docket listing (case number, judge)Partly read; see the note |
| 14 Apr 2025 | TennesseeSports Wagering Council | What happenedStatementWrote to the Commodity Futures Trading Commission that sports event contracts offered by Kalshi, Robinhood and others are wagers under the Tennessee Sports Gaming Act offered in violation of state law, and asked the CFTC not to permit them. | SourceLegal Sports Report, "Tennessee Asks Feds To Block Sports Prediction Markets"Reported; primary check pending |
| 11 Apr 2025 | MichiganGaming Control Board | What happenedStatementAnnounced investigations into unlicensed sports prediction markets operating in Michigan, warning of risks to consumers and noting that many are open to people as young as 18. | SourceBoard news release, 11 April 2025Authority document |
| 9 Apr 2025 | NevadaFederal court (D. Nev.) | What happenedCourt rulingGranted KalshiEX LLC a preliminary injunction barring the Board from enforcing Nevada gaming law against it (Hendrick I). | SourceNinth Circuit opinion 25-7516 (cites 2025 WL 1073495, D. Nev. Apr. 9, 2025)Board timelinePartly read; see the note |
| 7 Apr 2025 | MarylandLottery and Gaming Control Commission | What happenedCease-and-desistSent cease-and-desist letters, signed by Secretary John A. Martin, to KalshiEX LLC, Robinhood Derivatives, LLC and North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. (Crypto.com), directing them to stop offering in Maryland event contracts on sporting events, which the Commission says are unlicensed sports wagering, and to confirm compliance within 15 days. | SourceLetter to KalshiEX LLC, 7 April 2025, on the Commission's siteLetter to Robinhood Derivatives, LLC, 7 April 2025Letter to North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc., listed on the Commission's illegal-gaming pageCommission's page listing its cease-and-desist lettersPublished copy of the document |
| 1 Apr 2025 | IllinoisIllinois Gaming Board | What happenedCease-and-desistSent cease-and-desist letters to KalshiEX LLC d/b/a Kalshi, Robinhood and Crypto.com, saying each is engaging in unlicensed sports wagering in violation of the Sports Wagering Act (230 ILCS 45) and the Criminal Code (720 ILCS 5/28-1(a)), and directing them to stop. | SourceLetter to KalshiEX LLC, 1 April 2025Letter to Robinhood, 1 April 2025Letter to Crypto.com, 1 April 2025Board list of cease-and-desist lettersAuthority document |
| Apr 2025 | ArizonaDepartment of Gaming | What happenedCease-and-desistSent cease-and-desist orders to six unlicensed operators, ProphetX among them, for offering gambling in Arizona without a Department licence. | SourceCovers, 30 June 2025 (describes the April round)Reported; primary check pending |
| Apr 2025 | KansasKansas Racing and Gaming Commission | What happenedStatementJames Bain, the Commission's enforcement attorney, told Sports Betting Dime that the Commission was not planning to send cease-and-desist letters to prediction-market platforms at that time. | SourceSports Betting Dime, first published 3 April 2025, updated 16 June 2026Reported; primary check pending |
| Apr 2025 | MarylandLottery and Gaming Control Agency | What happenedStatementSent the CFTC a letter urging it to act against sports-related event contracts offered by prediction markets; Fox Baltimore's Spotlight on Maryland reported in June 2026 that the letter closely followed a sample letter supplied by the American Gaming Association, which the Agency says it evaluated independently. | SourceFox Baltimore, Spotlight on Maryland, 30 June 2026Reported; primary check pending |
| Apr 2025 | PennsylvaniaGaming Control Board | What happenedStatementSubmitted written testimony to the CFTC on sports event contracts, according to the Board's later release. | SourceBoard press release, 8 October 2025 (mentions the April 2025 submission)Partly read; see the note |
| 31 Mar 2025 | OhioCasino Control Commission | What happenedCease-and-desistSent cease-and-desist letters to KalshiEX LLC, Robinhood and Crypto.com saying that their sports event contracts are unlicensed sports gaming and bookmaking under Ohio law, and asking each to confirm compliance in writing by 14 April 2025. | SourceThe letter to KalshiEX LLC, Exhibit 1 to Kalshi's complaintCommission meeting minutes, 16 April 2025Partly read; see the note |
| 28 Mar 2025 | NevadaFederal court (D. Nev.) | What happenedExchange suitKalshiEX LLC sued the Board, its members, the State of Nevada and the Attorney General in federal court (KalshiEX LLC v. Hendrick, D. Nev. 2:25-cv-00575), asking for an injunction against enforcement of Nevada gaming law. | SourceBoard timelineNinth Circuit opinion 25-7516Court document |
| 27 Mar 2025 | New JerseyDivision of Gaming Enforcement | What happenedCease-and-desistInterim Director Mary Jo Flaherty sent Kalshi Inc. (KalshiEX LLC) a cease-and-desist letter saying it was listing unauthorized sports wagers to people in New Jersey in violation of the Sports Wagering Act, and wagers on New Jersey college events in violation of the state Constitution; it demanded that Kalshi stop, void existing wagers and confirm in writing by 11:59 p.m. on 28 March 2025. | SourceThe letter, posted by the DivisionDirector's Actions and Orders pageAuthority document |
| 27 Mar 2025 | New JerseyDivision of Gaming Enforcement | What happenedCease-and-desistSent Robinhood Markets, Inc. a cease-and-desist letter in the same terms, saying it was listing unauthorized sports wagers to people in New Jersey, and demanding that it stop, void existing wagers and confirm in writing by 28 March 2025. | SourceThe letter, posted by the DivisionDirector's Actions and Orders pageAuthority document |
| 26 Mar 2025 | MontanaDepartment of Justice, Gambling Control Division | What happenedCease-and-desistSent KalshiEX LLC an order to cease and desist, signed by the Division's Chief Legal Counsel, saying its investigation found Kalshi's event contracts to be illegal gambling and, for contracts on sporting events, unlicensed sports wagering under Montana law, and warning that refusal to comply voluntarily would result in legal action. | SourceThe letter of 26 March 2025 (PDF on an E.W. Scripps news server)Kalshi's complaint, para. 65, KalshiEX LLC v. Knudsen, D. Mont. 6:26-cv-00028, Doc. 1Published copy of the document |
| 4 Mar 2025 | NevadaGaming Control Board | What happenedCease-and-desistSent KalshiEX LLC (Kalshi) a cease-and-desist letter, signed by Chairman Kirk Hendrick, saying that offering event-based contracts on sporting events and election outcomes is unlawful in Nevada unless approved as licensed gaming, that Kalshi was operating as an unlicensed sports pool, and that it must stop by 5:00 p.m. on 14 March 2025 or face criminal and civil penalties. | SourceBoard news release, 4 March 2025Board timeline of actions against prediction marketsNinth Circuit opinion 25-7516 (describes the letter)Court document |
| Mar 2025 | New JerseyFederal court (D.N.J.) | What happenedExchange suitKalshiEX LLC sued the Division's interim director, the Division, the Casino Control Commission and the Attorney General (KalshiEX LLC v. Flaherty, D.N.J. 1:25-cv-02152), saying the threatened enforcement is pre-empted by the Commodity Exchange Act. | SourceDistrict court opinion of 28 April 2025Third Circuit opinion of 6 April 2026Partly read; see the note |
State by state
One row per state, in alphabetical order. The first column links to the state's entries in the record and to its gaming regulator; the other three say, in a line each, what the state has done, where its court cases stand, and what the venues say they restrict there.
| State | What the state has done | Where the courts stand | Venues' own limits |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlabamaNo entriesJoint filings signed: 9 of 9Attorney General (no gaming regulator) | What the state has doneNone found | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| AlaskaNo entriesJoint filings signed: 7 of 9Department of Law (no gaming regulator) | What the state has doneNone found | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| Arizona16 entriesJoint filings signed: 9 of 9Arizona Department of Gaming | What the state has doneDepartment of Gaming letters to Kalshi, Crypto.com and Robinhood and a warning to licensees (2025); the Attorney General's criminal charges against Kalshi (17 Mar 2026). | Where the courts standFederal injunction for the United States and the CFTC against the state's enforcement (5 May 2026), on appeal; Kalshi's own request refused. | Venues' own limitsNovig: not offered. PrizePicks: no event contracts. |
| Arkansas1 entryJoint filings signed: 9 of 9Arkansas Racing Commission | What the state has doneThe Attorney General's suit against Kalshi (4 Nov 2026). | Where the courts standThe Attorney General's suit against Kalshi, filed 4 Nov 2026 in Independence County; no ruling. | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| California9 entriesJoint filings signed: 9 of 9Bureau of Gambling Control and Gambling Control Commission | What the state has doneThe Governor's order barring appointees from trading on inside information (Mar 2026) and three Assembly bills, none passed; no state enforcement found. | Where the courts standFederal injunction for the tribes in Blue Lake Rancheria v. Kalshi (4 Nov 2026), after the Ninth Circuit ruled for them on 16 Sep: no Kalshi sports contracts on their lands. | Venues' own limitsKalshi: no sports contracts on the plaintiff tribes' lands, by court order. |
| ColoradoNo entriesJoint filings signed: 7 of 9Colorado Division of Gaming | What the state has doneNone found | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsPrizePicks: no sports. |
| Connecticut16 entriesJoint filings signed: 8 of 9Department of Consumer Protection, Gaming Division | What the state has doneCease-and-desist orders to Kalshi, Robinhood and Crypto.com (Dec 2025) and to nine more exchanges, with about 30 subpoenas (Sep 2026); the state's suit against Kalshi (26 Aug 2026); a study law. | Where the courts standKalshi's and Coinbase's injunction requests refused, on appeal (injunctions pending appeal denied 3 Nov 2026); the state's suit against Kalshi removed; the United States and the CFTC are suing the state. | Venues' own limitsWebull and PrizePicks: no sports. |
| DelawareNo entriesJoint filings signed: 9 of 9Delaware Lottery | What the state has doneNone found | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsPrizePicks: no sports. |
| District of ColumbiaNo entriesJoint filings signed: 8 of 9Office of Lottery and Gaming | What the state has doneNone found | Where the courts standA private class action against both Polymarket companies; no case by an authority. | Venues' own limitsPrizePicks: no sports. |
| FloridaNo entriesJoint filings signed: 0 of 9Florida Gaming Control Commission | What the state has doneNone found | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| GeorgiaNo entriesJoint filings signed: 0 of 9Attorney General (no gaming regulator) | What the state has doneNone found | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| Hawaii1 entryJoint filings signed: 9 of 9Attorney General (no gaming regulator) | What the state has doneA House-passed bill adding prediction markets to the definition of gambling (HB 2198, Mar 2026), with no later action found. | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| Idaho1 entryJoint filings signed: 9 of 9Attorney General (no gaming regulator) | What the state has doneThe Attorney General's public letter of 23 Mar 2026 defending the state's power to regulate sports betting. | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| Illinois15 entriesJoint filings signed: 9 of 9Illinois Gaming Board | What the state has doneGaming Board letters to Kalshi, Robinhood and Crypto.com (Apr 2025) and Polymarket US (Jan 2026), a warning to licensees, and a June 2026 law that licenses and taxes sports contracts on exchanges. | Where the courts standFederal injunctions in part against the state's enforcement (ruling 2 Oct, entered 30 Oct 2026), appealed by Illinois. | Venues' own limitsPrizePicks: no sports. |
| IndianaNo entriesJoint filings signed: 4 of 9Indiana Gaming Commission | What the state has doneNone found | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| Iowa2 entriesJoint filings signed: 9 of 9Iowa Racing and Gaming Commission | What the state has doneNo state letter or suit found; Kalshi sued the Attorney General and the Racing and Gaming Commission in March 2026. | Where the courts standKalshi's suit against the Attorney General and the Commission: injunction denied 8 Sep 2026, on appeal in the Eighth Circuit (No. 26-2874). | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| Kansas1 entryJoint filings signed: 9 of 9Kansas Racing and Gaming Commission | What the state has doneNone found; the Racing and Gaming Commission said in April 2025 that it had no plans to send letters (reported). | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| Kentucky9 entriesJoint filings signed: 3 of 9Kentucky Horse Racing and Gaming Corporation | What the state has doneLaws taxing operators at 14.25% from 2027 and barring licensees from dealing with prediction markets (Apr 2026); the Attorney General's suits against Kalshi and Polymarket US (17 Jun 2026). | Where the courts standThe Commonwealth's suit against Polymarket US, removed, with a recommendation of 14 Oct 2026 to send it back; the United States' and CFTC's suit against the state, no ruling. | Venues' own limitsPrizePicks: no sports. |
| Louisiana4 entriesJoint filings signed: 9 of 9Louisiana Gaming Control Board | What the state has doneGaming Control Board notice to licensees calling sports event contracts illegal gambling (Dec 2025). | Where the courts standSuits by Kalshi (23 Oct 2026) and Polymarket US (27 Oct 2026) against state officials; no ruling. | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| MaineNo entriesJoint filings signed: 9 of 9Gambling Control Unit | What the state has doneNone found | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| Maryland14 entriesJoint filings signed: 8 of 9Lottery and Gaming Control Agency | What the state has doneCease-and-desist letters to Kalshi, Robinhood and Crypto.com (Apr 2025), a notice to licensees (Nov 2025), the governor's insider-trading order (Apr 2026) and Baltimore's two suits (Aug 2026). | Where the courts standKalshi's appeal argued in the Fourth Circuit on 7 May 2026, undecided; Baltimore's suits against Kalshi (stayed) and Polymarket US (removed). | Venues' own limitsRobinhood, Webull and PrizePicks: no sports. |
| Massachusetts5 entriesJoint filings signed: 8 of 9Massachusetts Gaming Commission | What the state has doneThe Attorney General's suit against Kalshi (2025) and the Gaming Commission's letter warning its licensees (Nov 2025). | Where the courts standState-court injunction against Kalshi (20 Jan 2026), on appeal at the Supreme Judicial Court. | Venues' own limitsPrizePicks: no sports. |
| Michigan17 entriesJoint filings signed: 9 of 9Michigan Gaming Control Board | What the state has doneGaming Control Board warnings and a licensee memo (2025), the Attorney General's suit against Kalshi (Mar 2026), and court-approved deals with Robinhood, Coinbase and Polymarket US to stop sports contracts. | Where the courts standThe Attorney General's suit against Kalshi is back in state court; Polymarket US's injunction request refused (17 Jun 2026), on appeal. | Venues' own limitsKalshi: no sports, by court order. Polymarket US: sports positions closing by 25 Nov 2026 under a stipulation. Robinhood, Coinbase, Webull and PrizePicks: no sports. Novig: not offered. |
| Minnesota5 entriesJoint filings signed: 9 of 9Alcohol and Gambling Enforcement Division | What the state has doneA law making it a felony to operate a prediction market, in force 1 Aug 2026. | Where the courts standFederal injunctions (27 Jul 2026) bar the state's prediction-market law against CFTC-registered exchanges until a final decision. | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| MississippiNo entriesJoint filings signed: 9 of 9Mississippi Gaming Commission | What the state has doneNone found | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| Missouri10 entriesJoint filings signed: 3 of 9Missouri Gaming Commission | What the state has doneThe Attorney General's cease-and-desist letters to six operators (Sep 2026); the Gaming Commission told the CFTC that unlicensed sports contracts are unlawful (Apr 2026). | Where the courts standSuits by Novig and Crypto.com (16 Oct 2026) and Kalshi (27 Oct 2026) against state officials; no ruling. | Venues' own limitsPrizePicks: no sports. |
| Montana5 entriesJoint filings signed: 1 of 9Gambling Control Division and Montana Lottery | What the state has doneGambling Control Division cease-and-desist letters to Kalshi (26 Mar 2025 and 6 Apr 2026); in a stipulation of 17 Sep 2026 the State agreed to hold off enforcement against Kalshi pending its Nevada appeal, then give 30 days' notice. | Where the courts standKalshi's suit against state officials (12 Apr 2026) was dismissed by stipulation on 17 Sep 2026, after its injunction request was denied without prejudice on 27 Aug. | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| NebraskaNo entriesJoint filings signed: 9 of 9Nebraska Racing and Gaming Commission | What the state has doneNone found | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| Nevada32 entriesJoint filings signed: 8 of 9Nevada Gaming Control Board | What the state has doneGaming Control Board letters to Kalshi, Robinhood and Crypto.com (2025), notices to licensees, and state-court suits with injunctions against Polymarket, Coinbase and Kalshi (2026); it accepted the surrender of FanDuel's licences (Nov 2025). | Where the courts standNinth Circuit for the state (28 Aug 2026), rehearing refused 4 Nov; state-court injunctions against Kalshi, Coinbase and Polymarket US; Supreme Court petitions by Crypto.com and Robinhood pending. | Venues' own limitsKalshi: sports, election and entertainment contracts, by court order. Polymarket US, Coinbase and Novig: not offered. Robinhood and Webull: no sports. PrizePicks: not served. |
| New HampshireNo entriesJoint filings signed: 1 of 9New Hampshire Lottery Commission | What the state has doneNone found | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsPrizePicks: no sports. |
| New Jersey6 entriesJoint filings signed: 8 of 9Division of Gaming Enforcement | What the state has doneDivision of Gaming Enforcement cease-and-desist letters to Kalshi and Robinhood (27 Mar 2025); the state's Supreme Court petition (Sep 2026). | Where the courts standThird Circuit for Kalshi (6 Apr 2026); the state's Supreme Court petition, No. 26-299, pending. | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| New Mexico3 entriesJoint filings signed: 9 of 9New Mexico Gaming Control Board | What the state has doneThe Attorney General's suit against Kalshi (4 Jun 2026). | Where the courts standThe United States' and CFTC's suit against the state, no ruling; the Mescalero Apache Tribe's suit against Kalshi under advisement. | Venues' own limitsPrizePicks: no sports. |
| New York17 entriesJoint filings signed: 8 of 9New York State Gaming Commission | What the state has doneGaming Commission cease-and-desist to Kalshi (Oct 2025); the Attorney General's suits against Coinbase, Gemini, Kalshi and Polymarket US (Apr to Sep 2026); the governor's insider-trading order; three bills in committee. | Where the courts standKalshi's injunction request refused (7 Jul 2026), on appeal; the state's petitions against Kalshi, Polymarket US, Coinbase and Gemini removed; the United States' and CFTC's suit, no ruling. | Venues' own limitsCrypto.com app: not offered. PrizePicks: no event contracts. |
| North Carolina3 entriesJoint filings signed: 9 of 9North Carolina State Lottery Commission | What the state has doneA 6% tax on operators' net trading fees from 1 Jan 2027, and the governor's insider-trading order (May 2026). | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| North DakotaNo entriesJoint filings signed: 0 of 9Attorney General, Gaming Division | What the state has doneNone found | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| Ohio15 entriesJoint filings signed: 8 of 9Ohio Casino Control CommissionAnswered Vultax 22 Oct 2026 | What the state has doneCasino Control Commission letters to Kalshi, Robinhood and Crypto.com (2025) and to ten more firms (Oct 2026), warnings to licensees, and a proposed $5 million fine on Kalshi (Apr 2026). | Where the courts standSixth Circuit for the state (25 Sep 2026), Kalshi's petition for rehearing pending; Polymarket US's suit, no ruling. | Venues' own limitsRobinhood: no new sports positions since 2 Nov 2026. PrizePicks: no sports. |
| Oklahoma1 entryJoint filings signed: 7 of 9Gaming Compliance Unit (no sports wagering regulator) | What the state has doneNone found; the Inter-Tribal Council of the Five Civilized Tribes asked federal regulators to make prediction markets follow gaming law (Jul 2026). | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| OregonNo entriesJoint filings signed: 9 of 9Oregon State Lottery | What the state has doneNone found | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| Pennsylvania6 entriesJoint filings signed: 8 of 9Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board | What the state has doneGaming Control Board letters to Congress and comments to the CFTC, a House hearing (Dec 2025) and two bills. | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsPrizePicks: no sports. |
| Rhode Island4 entriesJoint filings signed: 9 of 9Rhode Island Lottery | What the state has doneThe state's suit against Kalshi and Polymarket US (21 May 2026). | Where the courts standKalshi's suit, joined by the United States and the CFTC; injunction motions heard 3 Aug 2026, no ruling seen. | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| South CarolinaNo entriesJoint filings signed: 9 of 9Attorney General (no gaming regulator) | What the state has doneNone found | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| South DakotaNo entriesJoint filings signed: 9 of 9Commission on Gaming | What the state has doneNone found | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| Tennessee7 entriesJoint filings signed: 7 of 9Tennessee Sports Wagering Council | What the state has doneSports Wagering Council cease-and-desist letters to Kalshi, Polymarket and Crypto.com (Jan 2026), and a law against influencing events while holding a contract on them (in force 1 Jul 2026). | Where the courts standSixth Circuit set aside Kalshi's injunction (25 Sep 2026); Kalshi's petition for rehearing pending. | Venues' own limitsPrizePicks: no sports. |
| Texas2 entriesJoint filings signed: 0 of 9Attorney General (no gaming regulator) | What the state has doneA Senate interim study of prediction markets, with a committee hearing on 15 Sep 2026. | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| Utah10 entriesJoint filings signed: 8 of 9Attorney General (no gaming regulator) | What the state has doneA law adding proposition bets to gambling (May 2026), the Attorney General's civil suit (20 Oct 2026) and criminal charges against Kalshi (28 Oct 2026). | Where the courts standFederal court for the state in Kalshi's suit (4 Aug 2026), on appeal; the state's civil suit and criminal charges against Kalshi; the United States' and CFTC's suit, hearing 20 Nov 2026. | Venues' own limitsRobinhood: no new sports, culture, elections or politics positions since 2 Nov 2026. PrizePicks: no event contracts. |
| VermontNo entriesJoint filings signed: 8 of 9Vermont Department of Liquor and Lottery | What the state has doneNone found | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| Virginia1 entryJoint filings signed: 7 of 9Virginia Lottery | What the state has doneA House-passed bill to study prediction markets, continued to 2027. | Where the courts standA private suit by one user against Kalshi; no case by an authority. | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| Washington4 entriesJoint filings signed: 6 of 9Washington State Gambling Commission | What the state has doneThe Attorney General's suit against Kalshi (27 Mar 2026), with a state-court injunction. | Where the courts standState-court injunction (12 Aug 2026): Kalshi must stop offering sports, election and other listed contracts in Washington. | Venues' own limitsKalshi: most contract types, by court order. PrizePicks: not served. |
| West VirginiaNo entriesJoint filings signed: 5 of 9West Virginia Lottery Commission | What the state has doneNone found | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| Wisconsin9 entriesJoint filings signed: 7 of 9Division of Gaming | What the state has doneThe Department of Justice's three suits against Kalshi, Robinhood, Coinbase, Polymarket and Crypto.com (23 Apr 2026), the governor's insider-trading order and an Elections Commission warning to voters. | Where the courts standFederal injunction for the United States and the CFTC refused (28 Jul 2026), on appeal; the state's three suits removed to federal court; the Ho-Chunk Nation's suit stayed. | Venues' own limitsNone published |
| WyomingNo entriesJoint filings signed: 7 of 9Wyoming Gaming Commission | What the state has doneNone found | Where the courts standNo case found | Venues' own limitsNone published |
What the states signed together
Attorneys general have also acted together, in nine filings so far: briefs supporting states in court and two comment letters telling the CFTC that sports event contracts belong to state gambling law. Each is listed once, with the states that did not sign it; twenty-two jurisdictions signed every one. A state that is a party to a case does not sign a brief filed in its support.
| Date | Filing | Who signed | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 Nov 2026 | Brief of Ohio, Nevada, 35 other states, the District of Columbia and the Northern Mariana IslandsSecond Circuit, KalshiEX LLC v. Williams, No. 26-1835Supports New York's gaming officials in Kalshi's appeal. | Who signed38 attorneys general. Not signed: Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Montana, New Hampshire, New York, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin. | SourceThe brief, as posted by the California Attorney General |
| 4 Nov 2026 | Brief of Ohio, Nevada, 36 other states, the District of Columbia and the Northern Mariana IslandsSeventh Circuit, the appeals in United States and CFTC v. Wisconsin (Nos. 26-2636, 26-2675, 26-2696)Supports Wisconsin in the federal government's suit against it. | Who signed39 attorneys general. Not signed: Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Montana, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin. | SourceThe brief, as posted by the California Attorney General |
| 28 Oct 2026 | Brief of Ohio, Nevada, 35 other states, the District of Columbia and the Northern Mariana IslandsTenth Circuit, KalshiEX LLC v. Cox, No. 26-4100Supports Utah's officials and asks the court to affirm the judgment that federal law does not shield Kalshi from Utah's gambling laws. | Who signed38 attorneys general. Not signed: Alaska, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah. | SourceThe brief, as posted by the California Attorney General |
| 7 Oct 2026 | Brief of Ohio, 38 other states and the District of ColumbiaU.S. Supreme Court, Flaherty v. KalshiEX LLC, No. 26-299Supports New Jersey's petition and asks the Court to review the Third Circuit's ruling for Kalshi. | Who signed40 attorneys general. Not signed: Alaska, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Montana, New Jersey, North Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington. | SourceThe brief, on the Supreme Court's docket |
| 27 Jul 2026 | Comment letter of Ohio, Kentucky, Maryland, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Tennessee, Utah and 36 other statesCFTC, proposed rule on prediction markets and public-interest determinations, RIN 3038-AF65Says the CFTC lacks statutory authority for its proposed rule, that the rule as proposed would be arbitrary and capricious, and that it would raise a constitutional nondelegation problem; asks the CFTC to draft a new rule. | Who signed44 attorneys general. Not signed: District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Missouri, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Texas. | SourceThe letter, as published by Wolters Kluwer |
| 11 Jun 2026 | Brief of Nevada, Utah, 37 other states and the District of ColumbiaSixth Circuit, KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler, No. 26-3196Supports Ohio's officials and asks the court to affirm the denial of Kalshi's preliminary injunction. | Who signed40 attorneys general. Not signed: Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Ohio, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia. | SourceThe brief, as posted by the California Attorney General |
| 30 Apr 2026 | Comment letter of Ohio, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Tennessee, Utah, 34 other states and the District of ColumbiaCFTC, advance notice of proposed rulemaking on prediction marketsSays the CFTC lacks exclusive jurisdiction over sports-related event contracts, that they are not swaps and are contrary to the public interest, and that the states should regulate sports betting. | Who signed41 attorneys general. Not signed: Florida, Georgia, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Texas, Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming. | SourceThe letter, as posted by the Colorado Attorney General |
| 24 Apr 2026 | Brief of Nevada, Ohio, 35 other states and the District of ColumbiaMassachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, Commonwealth v. KalshiEX LLC, SJC-13906Supports Massachusetts and asks the court to affirm the Superior Court's injunction against KalshiEX; argues that Congress did not displace state gambling law when it amended the Commodity Exchange Act in 2010. | Who signed38 attorneys general. Not signed: Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Texas, Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming. | SourceThe brief, as posted by the New York Attorney General |
| 10 Mar 2026 | Brief of Ohio, New Jersey, 37 other states and the District of ColumbiaNinth Circuit, the appeals of Crypto.com, KalshiEX LLC and Robinhood against Nevada (Nos. 25-7187, 25-7516, 25-7831)Supports Nevada and argues that federal law does not displace its gaming law for sports event contracts. | Who signed40 attorneys general. Not signed: Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Texas, Vermont, West Virginia. | SourceThe brief, as posted by the Idaho Attorney General |
Laws and taxes
Most states have acted through letters and lawsuits under the gambling laws they already had. Some have written new law aimed at prediction markets: taxes in three states, a felony in Minnesota, changes to the criminal code in Tennessee and Utah, and a study in Connecticut. Bills that have not passed are listed so that their status can be followed; a bill is not a law.
| State | Measure | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| IllinoisBill | MeasureHB 5811: would repeal the exchange-wager tax and definition enacted in SB 3019. | StatusFiled 2 September 2026; no committee assignment shown. Read in a bill tracker. | SourceHB 5811 (FastDemocracy) |
| PennsylvaniaBill | MeasureHB 2711: prediction-market rules against insider trading, with civil penalties. | StatusReferred to the House Consumer Protection, Technology and Utilities Committee on 22 July 2026. | SourceHB 2711 (Pennsylvania General Assembly) |
| North CarolinaTax | MeasureSB 257, the 2026 Appropriations Act: a tax of 6% on a prediction-market operator's net trading fees from traders in North Carolina; reported to require no state licence. | StatusSigned 7 July 2026; applies from 1 January 2027. Rate and terms read in published summaries; the session law text was not read. | SourceGovernor's release, 7 Jul 2026 |
| IllinoisTax | MeasureSB 3019 (Public Act 104-0468): sports contracts on an exchange become "exchange wagers" that need an Illinois sports wagering licence, taxed at 1.75% of each wager for a licensee's first five million in a fiscal year and 3.5% after that. | StatusSigned in June 2026 and in force on becoming law. Since 30 October a federal injunction bars enforcement, taxes included, against contracts on CFTC-registered markets; Illinois has appealed. | SourcePublic Act 104-0468, Article 130 (archived General Assembly copy) |
| MinnesotaLaw | MeasureS.F. 4760 (Laws 2026, ch. 97) and S.F. 3432 (ch. 118): a felony to operate or facilitate a prediction market on sports, elections and other listed events, or to advertise one. | StatusSigned 18 and 26 May 2026; in force 1 August 2026. A federal injunction of 27 July bars enforcement against CFTC-registered exchanges until a final decision. | SourceLaws 2026, chapter 118 (Revisor of Statutes) |
| TennesseeLaw | MeasureSB 1992 (Public Chapter 1109): a felony to try to influence whether an event happens while holding a prediction-market contract that settles on it. | StatusSigned 22 May 2026; in force 1 July 2026. Bill text read in a published copy. | SourceSB 1992 as amended (published copy) |
| ConnecticutLaw | MeasureHB 5229 (Public Act 26-53): the Commissioner of Consumer Protection, with the Attorney General, the Lottery and the two tribes, studies prediction markets and reports by February 2027. | StatusSigned 19 May 2026. A separate bill from the governor, HB 5038, to bar people under 21, did not pass, as reported. | SourceGovernor's bill notification |
| PennsylvaniaBill | MeasureHB 2497: licenses "event outcome prediction wagering" under the Gaming Control Board, with a tax and a local share assessment. | StatusReferred to the House Gaming Oversight Committee on 8 May 2026. | SourceHB 2497 (Pennsylvania General Assembly) |
| North CarolinaBill | MeasureHB 1171, Prohibit Gambling in Prediction Markets. | StatusIn the House Rules Committee since 4 May 2026. Read in a bill tracker. | SourceHB 1171 (LegiList) |
| KentuckyLaw | MeasureHB 904 (ch. 184) and HB 869 (ch. 198): sports wagering and fantasy licensees may not contract with platforms offering sports event contracts in Kentucky; the sports wagering age rises to 21. | StatusHB 904 enacted over the governor's veto on 14 April 2026; HB 869 signed 27 April. Challenged by the United States and the CFTC. | SourceGeneral Assembly record for HB 869 (archived copy) |
| KentuckyTax | MeasureHB 757 (2026 Acts ch. 161): excise tax of 14.25% on prediction-market operators' transaction fees, defined to include the price a customer pays for a contract. | StatusEnacted over the governor's vetoes on 14 April 2026; applies from 1 January 2027. Challenged by the United States and the CFTC and, as reported, by an industry group in state court. | SourceGeneral Assembly record for HB 757 (archived copy) |
| UtahLaw | MeasureH.B. 243, Gambling Revisions (Laws of Utah 2026, ch. 410): adds proposition bets on an individual action, statistic or occurrence to Utah's definition of gambling. | StatusSigned 25 March 2026; in force 6 May 2026. Read through a bill tracker and a court filing. | SourceH.B. 243 history (Better Utah Institute tracker) |
| CaliforniaBill | MeasureAB 2446: the Attorney General would investigate any prediction-market payout of $5,000 or more on an event that was a matter of national security. | StatusRe-referred to the Governmental Organization Committee on 24 March 2026; no later action recorded. | SourceAB 2446 (California Legislative Information) |
| CaliforniaBill | MeasureAB 2617, the Protecting Kids from Online Gambling Act: no online gambling or prediction-market wagering offered or advertised to minors, with age checks and civil penalties. | StatusRe-referred to the Governmental Organization Committee on 17 March 2026; no later action recorded. | SourceAB 2617 (California Legislative Information) |
| New YorkBill | MeasureS9414, the ORACLE Act: minimum age of 21, bans on some market types, advertising and insider-trading rules, and no prediction markets from state-licensed wagering operators. | StatusIn committee. | SourceS9414 (New York State Senate) |
| HawaiiBill | MeasureHB 2198: adds prediction markets on catastrophes, contests, deaths, legislation, national security, people, politics and sports to the Penal Code's definition of gambling. | StatusPassed the House on 10 March 2026; referred to Senate committees on 12 March, with no later action recorded. | SourceHB 2198 (Hawaii State Legislature) |
| IllinoisBill | MeasureSB 4168, the Prediction Market Regulation and Taxation Act: a $1 million master licence and a 50% tax on adjusted gross receipts, reported as limited to contracts other than sports. | StatusReferred to Assignments; no further action reported. | SourceCovers, 6 Mar 2026 |
| VirginiaBill | MeasureHB 271: a new Virginia Gaming Commission, directed to study prediction markets by 1 October 2029. | StatusPassed the House 90 to 7; continued to 2027 by the Senate Finance and Appropriations Committee on 9 March 2026. | SourceHB 271 (Virginia Legislative Information System) |
| CaliforniaBill | MeasureAB 1840: officials, employees and lobbyists may not trade prediction-market contracts on material nonpublic information. | StatusIn the Assembly Elections Committee since 23 February 2026; its hearings were cancelled at the author's request. | SourceAB 1840 (California Legislative Information) |
| New YorkBill | MeasureS8889: prediction-market platforms need a Department of Financial Services licence before serving New York residents. | StatusIn committee. | SourceS8889 (New York State Senate) |
| New YorkBill | MeasureA9251: bars platforms from offering New York consumers markets on catastrophes, politics, deaths, athletic events and unlawful commodities. | StatusIn committee. | SourceA9251 (New York State Senate site) |
What the venues restrict themselves
What a venue does in a state is a separate fact from what the state has done. Some venues keep out of states where a court has ordered them to, some launched their prediction products only in states without their own licensed sportsbook, and some list no state at all. This table records what each venue publishes about itself.
| Venue | What it says it restricts | Source |
|---|---|---|
| KalshiKalshiEX LLC | What it says it restrictsNames no US state in its member agreement of 1 October 2026. Court orders limit it in Nevada (sports, election and entertainment contracts), Washington (sports, elections, politics, entertainment, culture, tech and science, and mentions), Michigan (sports) and on the plaintiff tribes' lands in California (sports); those orders are in the record. | SourceKalshi member agreement, 1 Oct 2026Read 7 Nov 2026 |
| Polymarket USQCX LLC | What it says it restrictsIts App Store listing says trading is currently unavailable in Nevada. Under a court-approved stipulation it stops new sports contracts for Michigan customers and closes their positions by 25 November 2026. | SourcePolymarket app, App Store listingRead 7 Nov 2026 |
| polymarket.comBlockratize, Inc. | What it says it restrictsRestricts the whole United States: its developer documentation lists the US as close-only, while its help centre lists it among countries completely restricted. | SourcePolymarket documentation, geographic restrictionsRead 7 Nov 2026 |
| RobinhoodRobinhood Derivatives, LLC | What it says it restrictsNo sports contracts for residents of Maryland, Michigan and Nevada. Since 2 November 2026, no new sports positions in Ohio, and no new sports, culture, elections or politics positions in Utah. | SourceRobinhood support, event contracts overviewRead 7 Nov 2026 |
| CoinbaseCoinbase Financial Markets, Inc. (markets run by Kalshi) | What it says it restrictsNo prediction markets in Nevada, citing a Nevada restraining order against Coinbase for which it gives no date or case number; no sports markets for Michigan residents. | SourceCoinbase help, prediction marketsRead 7 Nov 2026 |
| WebullWebull Futures LLC (markets from Kalshi) | What it says it restrictsNo sports contracts for customers in Nevada, Maryland, Connecticut or Michigan. | SourceWebull prediction markets pageRead 7 Nov 2026 |
| NovigLudlow Exchange, LLC | What it says it restrictsAvailable everywhere except Nevada, Arizona and Michigan, where no account can be opened and no trade placed. | SourceNovig support, eligibility and legalityRead 7 Nov 2026 |
| Crypto.com and OG.comNorth American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. | What it says it restrictsOG.com says it is available in all states but that some contracts may be unavailable in some, without naming them. The Crypto.com app is not offered in New York. | SourceOG.com help, market availabilityRead 7 Nov 2026 |
| FanDuel PredictsFanDuel Prediction Markets LLC | What it says it restrictsContracts other than sports in all 50 states; sports contracts only in Alabama, Alaska, California, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas and Utah. | SourceFanDuel Predicts, App Store listingRead 7 Nov 2026 |
| Fanatics MarketsMorton St. Trading Investments, LLC | What it says it restrictsLive only in 21 states (Alabama, Alaska, California, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Maine, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota and Texas) and four territories, for people 21 and over. | SourceFanatics Markets, where we are liveRead 7 Nov 2026 |
| PrizePicksPerformance Predictions II, LLC | What it says it restrictsNo sports contracts in Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Illinois, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Tennessee; no event contracts in Arizona, New York and Utah; Nevada and Washington are not served. | SourcePrizePicks help centre, eligibility (updated 28 Oct 2026)Read 7 Nov 2026 |
| ProphetXProphetX LLC | What it says it restrictsNames no restricted state; says its sports prediction market is available nationwide. | SourceProphetX, App Store listingRead 7 Nov 2026 |
| GeminiGemini Titan, LLC | What it says it restrictsNames no restricted state; says its prediction market is available in all 50 states. | SourceGemini, App Store listingRead 7 Nov 2026 |
What state regulators told Vultax in writing
One state regulator has answered Vultax in writing so far. Answers are added here with their date, in the words the regulator approved.
- OhioOhio Casino Control CommissionTen letters went out; one company confirmed compliance, two companies are suing, and talks with the others continue.
How we built this record
We read each state's gaming regulator and attorney general pages, the legislature's bill search, the governor's signing releases and the courts' own orders, for acts from January 2025 to 7 November 2026. The court cases come from the Vultax lawsuit tracker, where each case is checked against its docket. Where we could not find a copy of a document, the entry rests on press reports and says so under its source.
An entry records what a body did, on the day it did it. A complaint is an allegation, a preliminary injunction is not a final decision, and a bill is not a law. A state with no entries is one where our search found no state act; its gambling law still applies as written, and no entry is a statement that anything is allowed there.
Venue limits are what each venue publishes about itself, read on the date shown, and they change. On 5 November 2026 the CFTC told the exchanges it registers to end, within 30 days, state-by-state restrictions that breach its impartial-access rule, or to explain why they cannot.
Three joint briefs are not yet listed, because we could not read their signature pages: one in the Third Circuit in 2025, one in the Fourth Circuit in 2025 and one in the Sixth Circuit for Tennessee in 2026. DraftKings Predictions and Underdog publish their state lists on pages we could not load, so they are left out of the venue table. Several state sites refused connections from our location; where that happened, the line under an entry's source says what was read instead.
This page describes public documents; it is not legal advice. The European record is at /research/europe, and every court case here has its docket in the lawsuit tracker. Data Vultax compiles from public sources is published under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0; see the data page. Challenge a line at [email protected].